日光温室CO2浓度变化规律研究

p; iCO2 iM p＊魏 珉 邢禹贤 王秀峰＊＊ 马 红  j†gt;†, gt;T3gt;; - -†gt;T3.•Y ; iCO2 iM1y ;v,Y„‚ E i  iCO2“d„E CO2 „ Œ. •8;† nbsp;、r ›  9, iCO2 i ;T •8;† 9、r › nbsp;š,CO2 „ Œ.1oM nbsp;; i CO2 i nbsp;M 1M nbsp;bWsƒ CO2 „ ŒcI| 1001-9332200303-0354-05 ms | S625 DS M ’ AVariation of CO2 concentration insolar greenhouse in Northern China.WEI Min,XING Yuxian,WANG Xi-ufeng,MA HongCollegeof Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.-Chin .J.Appl.Ecol .,2003,143354～ 358.Thevariationof CO2concentrationin winter-spring cultivated solargreenhousein northernChina wasstudied.ThediurnalchangeofCO2 concentration showedanirregularU39; shapein most case, themaximum valueap-peared priortounveilingstraw matin themorning, and theminimum between 12∶00 and 14∶00 PM.Some-times, anirregularW39; shapecurvewithtwovalleyswasalsoobserved, withthefirstoneappearedpriortotheventilationat noon, and thesecond occurredbetween 15∶00～ 16∶30 PM.During the period of winter-springcultivation, thedaily maximum concentration of CO2 in solar greenhouse decreased gradually, while thedailyminimum concentration and daytimeaverageconcentrationdroppedfirst, thenwent up.At thesame time, thetimeof CO2 depletion lasted longer and longer.In December, CO2 depletion happened 2.1～ 3.1 hours aftermorning unveiling.In thenext March, however, it moved up to 0.6～ 1.1 hours afterunveilingin themorn-ing.At daytime, bothduringandafterventilation, solargreenhouseoftenshowedCO2depletion.TheperiodofCO2depletionextendedfrom 4～5.8 hoursperdayinDecemberto8～ 8.5hoursperdayinMarchofnext year.Thespacial distribution of CO2 concentrations within the greenhouseshowed that in themorning and in theevening, theorderwasthefrontgt;themiddlegt;theback, and thegroundgt;thecanopygt;theupper, andatmid-day, theorderwas thefront theuppergt;thecanopy.Photon fluxdensitywasthemost important environmentalfactoraffectingCO2concentrationin greenhouse.Ventilationdidnot avoided CO2 depletion.Canopy photosynthetic rate and soil respiratory rate were measured at differentgrowth stages of tomato.At seedlingstage, CO2 concentrationingreenhousewas higherthanthatoutside, duetothevigoroussoilrespirationandlowercanopy photosyntheticrate.But at fruitingstage, severeCO2depletionoccurredbecauseofstrongercanopyphotosynthesisandweaksoilrespiration.Key words Solargreenhouse, CO2concentration, Diurnalchange, Seasonalchange, Spacial distribution.＊  8OJ99I04„  8 ] M SE S‚ 39;[ “ Z S931997319|.＊＊Y “ .2001-08-15 l,2001-11-30 s.1 „ nbsp;CO2 ;†T , †CO2 „ ŒK  v’;†T,4 1oy amp;shy;B.Schapendonk[6] nbsp; ˜ ,* iCO2 „ Œ P •8]  gt;15, „ Œ/h11. gt; Œ[ 4] 13; i 12～u M2r、n; H ”„CO2 g db i9„,i|  •Y› Ys,TV CO2 i  DKv.yN, CO2M pi› S e LCr. ; i SZ u11  ™ T,1CO2 i [3,8,10]Œ ŒC“d 39; .7O ; i、r ›;Hq„T1  iCO2› “d,;、T 3CO2 iM1“,†  e„CO2 g4G nbsp;.‹ 3  2003 M3 14  3 nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY,Mar.2003,143∶354～ 358DOI10.13287/j.1001-9332.2003.00802 ‹ ZE2.1  k‹ k1998 M10～ 2000 M5  8  gu 8 “„  j„15∶00～16∶30m1,mm1 ; iCO2 i1M„ MFig.1 Seasonal and diurnalchangesof CO2concentrationin solargreen-house....“CO2 iCO2 concentrationoutside;↑ „ HWTimeof unveiling andcoveringmat; Y„„gt;„ HWTimeof openingandclosing vent;aI NTomato;bCucumber./]Thesamebelow.11998.11.14;21998.11.30;31998.12.30;41999.01.09;51999.01.12;61999.02.04;71999.02.05;81999.03.23;91999.05.05.m2  „ 3 H  ; iI N •8CO2 iM•YFig.2 Effects of weather and growth stages on CO2 concentration intomatogreenhouse.11999.11.12,|, Cloudy,seedling stage;21999.11.19, d, Sunny,seedlingstage,LAI0.48;32000.01.09,|,T Cloudy,fruitingstage;42000.01.25, d,T Sunny,fruiting stage,LAI4.16.2. f™ 3 •8 “ ” v、;†9、 b„ ž7/gt;„ * d.M1,I N ; iCO2 „ ŒCO2 i、 „Œ HW, V   •8 v1.m2B„  „T •8vl iCO2 i•Y. , i WCO2 3553 nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;  ; iCO2 iM p nbsp; nbsp; m3 nbsp;; iCO2Fig.3Characteristicsof CO2 environment in solargreenhouse.Ⅰ. K iDaily maximum CO2 concentration;Ⅱ. K iDaily minimumCO2 concentration;Ⅲ. iDailymean averageCO2 con-centration;Ⅳ.b„ -Beforeventilation;Ⅴ.b„Duringventilation;Ⅵ .b„Afterventilation;Ⅶ . „ Œ HCO2depletion time;Ⅷ. - „ ŒHWTimefrom morningunveilingtoCO2 depletion;Ⅸ . „ Œ HW1Ratio CO2 depletiontime. , ‚   ‚ 3 „ Œ,7 O dY„ i CO2v “d,F  ;†h{,CO2 i †,“ ,yN,Y„ 4[ ; iCO2 i .T ,I N •8 “ ” vLAI4.16,;† 9, d  1.4h39;CCO2 „ Œ,K ir100μlL-1,Y„ VŒ‚ E „Œ,Y„ •8CO2 i 1“16.90P.m3 A, V ; i KCO2 ivhl, K i„ i5† 6. - T •8 l, iCO2 i ,Y„ v “Y„ gvl„Y„ HW,‚ 3 3  „ Œ;12～u M2 B MKe 1, ; iY„  l . †gt;,T •8 v,;† 9,CO2 „ ŒK;2[F T3gt;2 m; ,T;†h{ P3CO2 i /†,i nbsp;HW K,ƒƒY 1 h . HWŒ ., „2mCO2 iM1  f™1 -€ S€;2  -€€,/MQm4.3 €M  •Y4N i1y ,] H s •8、3 † i bWvl[Y„•Y.3.2.2‚]CO2 i  i -、、‚]CO2 i   amp;shy; -„ [ -356‹  nbsp;3 nbsp;   nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;14 m4 nbsp;; iCO2 i H bsƒFig.4 Temperal-spatialdistributionCO2 concentrationin solargreenhouse.1 Ground;2T3Crop canopy;3†Upper;4 -†Front;5†Meddle;6†Back.m5 nbsp;; iCO2 iMI N;†T„r › 1“Fig.5Effectsof canopyphotosynthesis and soil respiration on CO2 concentration in tomatosolargreenhouse.A SeedlingstageLAI0.48;BT FruitingstageLAI4.16.Ⅰ.“CO2 iCO2 concentrationambient;Ⅱ. iCO2 iCO2concentrationwithin thegreenhouse;Ⅲ.r › nbsp; qSoil respiration;Ⅳ. •8;† qCanopy photosynthesis.an; HWSunshinetimea17∶40～ 17∶10,a28∶30～ 16∶50;bY„ HWVentilation timeb110∶30～ 15∶00,b211∶40～14∶00.†gt;†gt;†; [ -†CO2 i /†,‚ ‚Y„Ž, -†,;†Tvh ,r › CO2 i  6m5A.3.3.2T r › nbsp;Ah , dbCO2 q 24.23, -;† q6.88,;†h{.9∶40 iCO2 i“,Œ 9 •8;†T P  †,i nbsp;HW  3 „ Œ;Y„ ,v CO2 i, i “y B ™,Œ †CO2 i “, Y„ M‚;Y„ g1gt;, •8;†T P iCO2 †,CB3573 nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;  ; iCO2 iM p nbsp; nbsp; 2;ž,;†Th ,r › 3„T •8 T PCO2 iv 6m5B.4  nbsp; ‚4.1 nbsp;Y ; iCO2Y ; iCO2 i | T 3 、r› 、;„ 5 n  、Y„y .39; kTV , r ›  9,•8;† nbsp;, iCO2  ,B‚ 3CO2„ Œ;T 9 r › nbsp;š, •8;† 9,CO2 „Œ. V,、I N •8T CO2iK550～850μlL-1、K100～220μlL-1,CO2 „ ŒK1*v12～u M2, „ ŒY 3* 1～3.1h,4～7.7h. |BCO2 „ Œ HWsY„amp;shy; -、Y„W„Y„amp;shy;3 ,5Y„amp;shy; -0.5～3.0h,Y„0.5～2.5h. O “ - ; i5 1[ 5,1‚Y„ -,†l‰ nbsp;H1 –Y„,Y„ l,EE Y„ CO2 „ Œ.4.2  iCO2 e4 iCO2 o.19 gr › nbsp; iCO2 Ÿamp;shy;B,WCO2 , 3 „ Œ HWž.[ 8 1998～1999MT Ty   „ Œ H KCO2 iamp;shy;W1“Z, iY 0.0081x -3.5739r 0.9685,I N iY 0.0040 x-1.22r0.9221. nbsp;Z,  Y„3.5h,5 KCO2 i900～1200μlL-1[ Œ V E Y„ - „ Œ. “ - ; i 8gBQ ,ž 39; kT, r › nbsp;Ah .yN,V  r ›CO2 db , V |9Fg 、sQ9 gBWamp;shy;E. nbsp;[2],T  } VA4 iCO2 i,} i 8∶00、10∶00„12∶00CO2 isY1200～1800、580～1200、230～350μlL-1,7v isY620～700、240～320„180～230μlL-1.g [8] kTV, g„gi›  f ƒ/, VC 3  iCO2 i .N Vn,9 g V[E Y„ - „ Œ,ŒNEgS„ ZE nbsp;4g, iCO2 ‚ e, H 4[E Y„ „gt;„ „ Œ.2 9 CO2.12～u M3,I N iCO2 „ ŒY 3* 0.6～2.1h,1.1～3.1h,N,12z g HW V 2～3h,1z1.5～2h,2z1～1.5h,3z0.5～1h.S[9]V ,CO2 i€„500μlL-1amp;shy;W 9F;† q v•Y; 39;1, -; i;†TCO2 i460～500μlL-1[1] . [,  iCO2 i500μlL-1[ T;†T , nbsp;N VM‹4* g HW.yT 9;†T„Y„ M‚,Y„ gt;„ iCO2 „ Œ.  12～uM2, ; i[ 5,Y„ HW ,Y„ l,Y„ CO2 „ Œ H2.5～4.7h,gt;„ „ Œ H0.5～2.5h.S“ iT †CO2 g„Y„CO2 g[5,7] .i  CO2 g HW V A4、I N .S ; i 3 、6CO2 gZB„.• ID1 Chen Q-J ] ,,ZhengZ-GCS,Xu J .1996.Applicationof PPRtoanalyzingphotosyntheticrateof cucumberinsolargreenhouse.J X injiang Agric Univ jŒ,Sai F-C ž,Li Y-M ‡ .1995.Analysis of threefactors affectingyieldof vegetablein solargreen-house.J Henan Agric SciŠ 2 jlt; S,1134～ 35inChi-nese5 MortensenLM.1987.ReviewCO2 enrichment in greenhousecropresponses.Sci Hort,331～ 256 Schapendonk AHCM,van TilburgW.1984.Thefactorinmodelingphotosynthesis andgrowth of greenhouse crops.Act Hort,16283～ 917 Slack G,Hand DW.1985.The effect of winterand summer CO2enrichment onthegrowth andfruit yieldof glasshousecucumber.JHort S ci, 604507～ 5168 Wu C-Lg ,Sun S-J  .,Yang Z-C’g.2000.Studyon the CO2 concentration change in lean-To solar green-housegrown melon.Chin VegetS v’,614～ 17inChi-nese9 YuG-HS,Gong B-T39;,He Z-C .1996.Effectof CO2 enrichment onthephotosyntheticrateofleavesofcu-cumberin plastichouse.J Laiyang Agric Coll ž j,1315～ 10inChinese10 Zhang H-Mf ,Sun Z-Q  lt;,Bai Y-L *.1998.Effectsoncucumberin solargreenhousebyCO2enrichment.Trans Chin S ocy Agric Eng jlt;, 14supp.160～163inChineseT€e  , 3,1968 M12 3,p V, q,1V Y v’r ,V ‚20 .E-358‹  nbsp;3 nbsp;   nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;14 /p