CO2加富对黄瓜叶片显微和亚显微结构的影响
<p>ó Ð 2002, 29(1):3034ActaHorticulturaeSinicalà ° ù:2001-05-24;©í ° ù:2001-10-09Á “: öê 8âOÁ'ù “(J99I04)CO2F¶Û(= ËA±ðA±²¥Y魏 珉 邢禹贤 王秀峰 马 红( öê j<vÐóÐý, ü½271018)K 1:Û(¹ k,ùîCO2F¶= ËA±ðA±²¥Y。²TV ü:CO2F¶ªÛ(= ËE £F®¨、V è= ˨9F,E £F®= Ë9¨¥1 è 6,E £%MÉ, ÷F Å á= Ë= s8 “vl、Îx ì “vl、 ì# ˪ (9F,Ê= s8cÎxì 6,= s8ѱ²Ãn üA 。 ö iCO2F¶3hr l, 、/öò1100±100L·L-1CO2F¶3 hrTA÷。1oM:Û(;CO2F¶= ˲Ïms Ë|:S 642.2 ÓDS M :A ÓcI|:0513-353X (2002)01-0030-05CO2F¶4ÚTþ Î q¥ H,= ˲ÈÈÚ iCO2ÌâÁ 3 aMÄ。ùîVü,4ÚCO2 i ø1、vø2,3= ˨9F, Ø。Vu©?CCO2F¶vø, Äñ= s8ÏÎx ì 8ǵ9F,= s8ѱ²í üAY3。PÖ©¡, CO29Hq/!0,½% =Îx ìvl、 “ ( üA9F,iY= s8 ì¥vl、s ˪4。®N Vn,TþÕ Ë ÖÕ、 kHq/= ˲CO2Ìâ a¥¯。' kÛ(¼ ì¹ k,ùîCO2F¶ª= ËA±ðA±²¥MÄ,¹= ËÄÿ ?Û(9Á Ø¥ùîÍç$。1 ÐZEk¿1999 M10 12 öê j<vÐó k_n'É。107 °lÕ,!n( 10cm)â ì,!r¿órµg31,cµÉ1.45%, ÎrN 101.41mg·kg-1, ÎrP302.49mg·kg-1, ÎrK246.00mg·kg-1。0=Z ܪ(1016 °)sYM Æ4ñ °(É2.0m,z1.6m,Ú1.0m) =) Ø。) Ø ,F¶(v);) Ø, öF¶, CO2 i700±100 L·L-1;) Ø, öF¶, CO2 i1100±100 L·L-1;) Ø, ö、/ö (F¶, CO2 i1100±100L·L-1。 Ä) Ø6080é,g÷¹Ñ ÞA8CO2,¨GXH-305£LCO2sNS© iMÄ。CO2F¶ HW ö8:00 (8:30)11:00 (11:30),/ö1:30 (2:00)4:30 (5:00)。1116 °| °MÀj ðÑ i =?Ã) Ø。122 ° Ä) ØÊ4űé3é,VÔU/ »3= M |l vsY¨FAAû= %ç。 k ùW4ñ °¥Bî5 ØÑHqM。1016 °À1116 ° ° =¥KÚ/K® ѹ20 35/816,Ïö11 H Ü (;v <616.2 mol·m-2·s-1,/ö2H Ü (;v <465.4 mol·m-2·s-1;1117 °À122 °KÚ/K® ѹ24 30/12 17,Ïö11 H Ü (;v <306.3mol·m-2·s-1,/ö2 H Ü (;v <219.2mol·m-2·s-1。1999 M23n'j ðÑ iÉç! k,Ç !) ØI III,²T''Q k。A±²4©:= ËÏö § M |45mm×23mmÉH,5¨FAA%ç i,ª Æ3%û= Ï AÏ,ÅTGMAöM Ë。 8ç :3%û= Ï A%ç612h < £ b!2Q( ÄQ3h)õÚ0 £GMAç 1A) Ø2QGMA 30 LX-75 M Ë MË äÏ Ë。OlympusAH-II£¨A±ä( °'Å/)/4©vM。 Ä) Ø4©2030ñ j7,9 Ø Ü (´。ðA±²4©:= ËÏö § M |vl1 2mmnZl v,¨4%û= -%ç, pH7.2ÖÏ A !, 1%Ø Öª%ç,0Y?-d? £, Epon-812Ì « , LKB-5ÑM Ë M Ë,Z Ö°- Ï Ö #× ä, JEM-1200EXi Èä4³、© ivM。 Ä) Ø4©20 30ñ j7, | Ü (´。2 ²TÐs2.1 A±²2.1.1 叶片厚度 CO2F¶ Û(= ˨9F(V1)。ÐvM1, öCO2700±100 L·L-1CO21100±100L·L-1F¶) ØÛ(= Ë¥¨sY9F0.64%3.46%, ?1100±100 L·L-1CO2F¶= ˨9F12.77%, -=ÐvÃrA÷µs,ªïA÷µs, ª üÐ ö iCO2F¶3hM1, ?CO21100±100L·L-1F¶6hrT÷ üA。= ˨ | %¿= ½V Ã¥¨,7î= ½¥F®“ E £F®ÎµZ åF®。®V1 A, CO2F¶Û(= ËE £F®V è H9F,E £F®¨Ð= Ë9¨¥1´yCO2F¶µ 6。Z åF®¨F¶ iWµsA÷。V1 CO2F¶) ØÛ(= ˨¥MÄTable 1 Changes in leaf thickness of cucumber with CO2 enrichmentCO2 iCO2 concentration(L·L-1)HWTime= ˨Leaf thickness(m)V èEpidermisthickness (m)E £F®¨Palisadetissuethickness (m)Z åF®¨Spongy tissuethickness (m)E £F®¨/= ˨PT/LTvControl 150.58bB 23.24cB 44.65 cB 83.90bA 0.30700±100 öAM 151.54bB 25.54bAB 47.31 bB 80.13bA 0.311 100±100 öAM 155.78bB 25.73bAB 47.36 bB 82.92bA 0.311 100±100 ö+/öAM+PM 169.54aA 26.84aA 54.56 aA 88.35aA 0.322.1.2 细胞大小 V2V ü, CO2F¶ PÛ(= ËE £F®%É9F, ö700±100 L·L-11100±100 L·L-1) Ø%ÉsY9F5.5%5.7%,ÐvµsA÷ ?CO2F¶9F26.6%,µsA÷。E £F®% z) ØWíA÷µs。Ê¿E £F®%/¥»1ªZ å%¥É z9ïC Ë »¥MÄ+。CO2F¶ P= ËV Ã% z(¨)9F,F¶ iWV Ã%ÉMÄ üA。 ?1100±100L·L-1CO2F¶ P= Ë= ½%V Ã% M ë Z üA,%89v。V2 CO2F¶Û(= Ë%vl¥YTable2 Effects of CO2 enrichment on the size of leaf cells in cucumber (m)CO2 iCO2 concentration(L·L-1)HWTimeE £%Palisade cellÉLengthzWidthZ å%Spongy cellÉLengthzWidthV Ã%UpperepidermiscellÉLengthzWidth/V Ã%LowerepidermiscellÉLengthzWidthvControl 43.76bB 12.61aA 24.44bB 18.54aA 21.61 bB 13.53bB 15.93bAB 9.83bB700±100 öAM 46.16bB 13.09aA 24.45bB 19.05aA 21.23 bB 14.93 aAB 15.69bA 10.73abAB1 100±100 öAM 46.26bB 12.86aA 25.97bB 18.85aA 21.72 bB 15.03 aAB 15.82bAB 10.99aAB1 100±100 ö+/öAM+PM 55.39 aA 13.09aA 29.92aA 19.14aA 24.30 aA 15.43 aA 17.14aA 11.64aA= Ë M ë ,V à ÜZ_,d9125mS¶ =E £%»1ªZ å%¥ “,²Tnm1。1100±100 L·L-1CO2F¶ P= Ë% “A÷9F, ª üCO2F¶Ç PE £% ÷F 、Å á,7 OÉZ å% ®í½_µ½M(mñ, AD)。2.2 ðA±²2.2.1 叶绿体和淀粉粒 ®V3 V©, CO2F¶Hq/,E £% = s8 “9F,89v。311 ù É #©:CO2F¶Û(= ËA±ðA±²¥Y ö700±100L·L-11100±100L·L-1CO2F¶) Ø P Äñ%c= s8 sY1v9F16.90%27.46%, ?F¶9F25.64%; ö iCO2F¶= s889F l,?F¶9FA÷, É zsY1v9F8.36%26.49%。 ²T ª üCO2F¶ÉÛ(= s8¥î?â。CO2F¶ P= ËE £% =Îx ì “9,89v(V3,mñ, EH), ª ü îi Æ ÷¥ £Äþ。v Ü ( Äñ=½%c9.14ñÎx ì, Äñ= s81ñ,O8 l; ö700±100L·L-11100±100 L·L-1CO2F¶) Ø P Äñ% =Îx ì sY9F16.22ñ23.72ñ, Ü ( Ä= s8c1 2ñ ?CO2F¶Û(= ½% =Îxì “ÉB9F, Äñ= s8c2 3ñ, O8A÷9v。m1 CO2F¶Û(= ËE £、Z å% “¥Y(125m= ËÉ)Fig.1 Effects of CO2 enrichment on the nubmer of palisadeand spongy cells in125 m length of cucumber leavesV3 CO2F¶) ØÛ(= Ë= s8、Îx ì “#vlMÄTable3 Number and size of chloroplast and starch grainin leaves of cucumber with CO2 enrichmentCO2 iCO2 concentration(L·L-1)HWTime= s8 /= ½%Chloroplast number/cell= s8ChloroplastÉLength (m)zWidth (m)Îx ì /= ½%Starchgrain number/cellÎx ìStarch grainÉLength (m)zWidth (m)vControl 10.92 cB 5.61 bA 1.85bA 9.14dB 0.59 cC 0.23 cC700±100 öAM 12.77bA 6.17 abA 1.94bA 16.22 cB 1.70 bB 0.88bB1 100±100 öAM 13.92 aA 5.86 abA 1.90bA 23.72 bA 1.86 bB 0.87bB1 100±100 ö+/öAM+PM 13.72 aA 6.64 aA 2.34aA 29.00 aA 2.76 aA 1.54aA2.2.2 基粒和片层 CO2F¶ÇY= s8vl “,7 OY ²。F¶) Ø= Ë= s8= ì “9F(ÃrA÷µs £ Ü); ˪ 9F, ì üAM¨, ª ü Ë 58!ßñÚ,cñ ˪¥ ì9(V4)。 ì ˪ á ÛCO2F¶ i9F HWüÉ7®, ®¿ ˪¨¥9FΠ˪W#¥9v,³)。V4 CO2F¶Û(= s8 ì# ˪¥YTable 4 Effects of CO2enrichment on grana and lamellae of chloroplast incucumberCO2 iCO2 concentration (L·L-1)HWTime ì /= s8Grananumber/chloroplast ì¨Granathickness(m)˪ / ìLamellanumber/grana˪ áLamellanumber/mvControl 15.55aA 0.135bB 10.39bB 76.96cC700±100 öAM 15.64aA 0.163aAB 12.06abAB 73.96bB1 100±100 öAM 16.36aA 0.183aA 13.22aA 72.25aA1 100±100 ö+/öAM+PM 17.18aA 0.173aA 12.33aAB 71.29aA3 ) CO2F¶ Û(= ˨9F,Ðø、vø¥ùî²TM,=¨9F¥ðy。Radoglou© kV ü,ø= ˨9Fö1®¿= ½,&shy; Z å CF®¥MÄ îÁ,E £F®ÐZ åF®¥1´i¿M,= ½%8Mv,&shy; M ë Z üA,7E £%ª 、V Ã% á、 d á d· sY1。vø= ˨9F÷¿E £%ª¥ z?â% “¥9F3。CO29ÌâÏ 3É¥vø,= Ë/V ë&shy;Âv ¥V ëÉ ª,= ½y9F32 ó Ð 29 BªE £F®7 üAM¨, d á/2。' kÏ, CO2F¶Û(= Ë9¨5 = ½V è H9F¥²T,E £%ª M üA %É,E £F®= ˨¥1 è 6,% ÷F Å á,ÐE £F®M¤¥Z åF®% 9 t¿µ½。®N A,Tþ= ˲4ÚCO2 i¥ aÅ,%s % f ( V ?î¹ MÄ¥ðy。4ÚCO2 iTþ= Ë= s8ѱ²¥Y9B“。CO2F¶Û(= ½% = s8、Îx ì “9F,89v, ì ˪ 9F, Äñ= s8 îcÎx ì ÑV3ñ,ÃY= s8ȥѱ²。CO2F¶I N= ËÏÎx ìvl、 “9F, Ë 58M9ÇK¿ ¨ Ã%Ï¥ = s85。 , CO29Hq/!0,½ÏÎx ìvl、 “ (9F, OÎx ì8 Y= s8 ì¥vl、s ˪ 4。ô 'ùî²T, CO2F¶ÉÛ(= Ë= s8¥?â。 - ¦ùîV ü,= Ë Î q |%¿= ½E £F®¨6;vø= Ë= s8 ì ˪ Ð Î qM17。 ì ˪!ßiÅ“; ?¥Ú á“, HT¹ ½¥ ¦O,µ æ¿îBñÉ¥. Â,É ?¥ l.¾Ð。yN, CO2F¶Hq/Û(= ËA±ðA±²¥MÄ V ? Ú iCO2¥ a,4Ú ?ÌâCO2¥ l æ¨ ? ï 6BZ ë,ÚCO2 i/Û(= Ë¥ Î q4Ú,Å/ Æ÷¥ £Äþ,¹= ˲?âÍç $。N³ÉB)。 Ù öiCO2F¶Û(= ˲ûÁ 3 BçY,s·SÐviíA÷µs,7 ?CO2F¶= ˲MÄ üA, ª üüÉCO2F¶ HWT¨÷v。 IÓD:1 RadoglouK M, JarvisPG.Theeffectsof CO2 enrichmentandnutrient supplyongrowthmorphologyandanatomyof Phaseolusvulgaris L.seedlings.Ann.Bot., 1992, 70:245 2562 Á,±Öò.vø= ˲CO2 i 6Ú¥Q.±þÐ, 1996, 38(1):31 343 VuJCV, AllenLHJr, BowesG.Leafultrastructure, carbohydratesandproteinof soybeansgrownunderCO2enrichment.Environ.Exp.Bot.,1989, 29 (2):141 1474 PÖ,I ,â XÆ,©.CO2 i9!0,½= s8ѱ²¥r.±þÐ, 1996, 38 (1):72 765 YelleS, BeesonR CJr, TrudelM J, et al.Acclimationof twotomatospeciestohighatmosphericCO2.PlantPhysiol., 1989, 90:1465 14726 Delayney RH.Morphological and anatomicalfeatures of alfalfa leaves relatedtoCO2exchange.CropSci., 1974, 14:4444477 ¸ o ö, ì j.vø 3² 3É ù3ªµsÐ= ˲1“).TþÐ, 1992, 18 (3):191 195Effects of CO2 Enrichment on the Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Leavesin CucumberWeiMin, Xing Yuxian, WangXiufeng, andMaHong(College of Horticulture, Shandong AgriculturalUniversity, Tai' an 271018)Abstract:ThemicrostructureandultrastructureofleavesincucumberwithCO2enrichmentwereinvestigated.It showedthatthethicknessofpalisadetissue, epidermisandleafincreasedsimultaneouslyinCO2-enrichedleaves,andtheratioofpalisadetissue to leaf thicknesswent upslightly.Longerandmoretightly arrangedpalisade cellswereobservedinleaves withCO2 enrichment.Not only the numberandsizeof chloroplast andstarchgrain, butalsothenumberofgranaandlamellaincreasedasa resultofCO2enrichment.Noobvious chloroplastdeteriorationandthylakoiddeformationwerefoundinCO2-enrichedleaves.Enrichment at differentCO2 concentrationsforthreehoursinmorningwasnotvery effective, but enrichment forsix hours at1100±100 L·L-1 everyday producedmost significanteffects.Key words:Cucumber;CO2enrichment;Leafstructrue331 ù É #©:CO2F¶Û(= ËA±ðA±²¥Y mñ ª ü AD= ËA±²(150×);E H= Ëѱ²(10000×)。A、 E,v;B、 F, CO2 700±100L·L-1, öF¶C、 G, CO2 1100±100L·L-1, öF¶D、H, CO2 1100±100L·L-1, ö+/öF¶。Explanationof plate A-D leaf microstructure (150×);E-H leaf ultrastructure (10000×).A, E, CK;B, F, CO2 700±100L·L-1AM;C, G, CO2 1100±100L·L-1 AM;D, H, CO2 1 100±100L·L-1 AM+PM.34 ó Ð 29 </p>
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