有机物发酵液对温室大棚月季灰霉病发病率及采后性状的影响

北方园艺2008(11):157 161 ·±þ ¹·»BTeº:张云峰(1964-),男,云南澄江县人,硕士,副教授,现从事植物遗传及植物资源研究工作。E-mail:yunfeng196421cn.com。YßT:谢庆华。E-mail:xqinghuavip.sins.com。Á “:国家科技部科技支撑资助项目(2007BAD87B12);云南师范大学生物资源研究所重点资助项目(YSR-2006/ 2)。là ° ù:2008-06-18µþ?AÑ iv °1ç ¾h?h q#ª¥Y张云峰1 , 管会林2 , 谢庆华2 , 严胜柒1(1. 2 =SvÐ 3 SÐÐý, 2 ü650029;2. 2 =SvÐ'÷ÐÌâÐý, 2 ü650029)K 1:灰霉病是月季在低温、高湿条件下的常见病害,多发于冬季大棚及冷库的花朵及花枝上。传统上常用杀菌剂来防治,防治效果并不理想。试验利用BYM制备的有机物发酵液进行叶面喷施,结果表明:喷施发酵液的防治效果较雷多米儿及水分别降低14.82%、62.11%,而在花杯高度、花杯直径、花枝高度、叶片面积及插瓶寿命等方面都有不同程度的提高。试验同时还通过对发酵液的过滤分离、微波处理、孢子萌发、菌丝生长抑制等方面的试验,表明发酵液的防病机制是:发酵液中具有抑制病源孢子萌发、菌丝生长以及促进、保护月季叶片细胞的物质,一方面抑制孢子的萌发及菌丝的生长,另一方面提高植物的活性、降低病原菌对宿主细胞的危害;同时发酵液中的活性菌占据植物表面的生长生态位,降低病原菌在植株表面的附着,从而抑制月季灰霉病的发生。试验对保护地切花月季的灰霉病防治提供了一种新思路。1oM:µþ?A;1ç ¾h; 3 Ø M½1Ïms Ë|:S685.12 ÓDS M :A ÓcI|:1001-0009(2008)11-0157-05ç ¾h ®Botrytiscinerea ¥BÕd ,Rr.I½ 7½ ºVñÏY#«ÉVÄ £Ü J .óÐ, 1998,25(3):275-279. 9 George N.Agrios Plant Pathology (Third Edition) M .New YorkAcademic Press,Inc,1988:330-333. 10 Tronsmo A , Raa J.Antagonistic actionof Trichoderma pseudokoningiiagainst theapplepathogenBotrytiscinereaJ .Phytopath.Z., 1977, 89:216-220.160北方园艺2008(11):157 161 ·±þ ¹·11 Sesan T E, OpreaM , CsepN , etal.Bio-controlof Botrytisconiothyri-umminitans.Abstrats of paperpresentedata workshoponecology of Bitry-tisandSclerotinla andtheirinteraction with other microorganism C /Heldwithinthe framework of sixth international Mycological Congress (MC6).InternationalConventionCenter, Jerusalem, Isreal, 1998.12 DikA J, Koning G, K H J.Evaluation of Microbial Antagonists forBiologicalControlof BotrytiscinereaStemInfectioninCucumberandTomatoJ .EuropeanJournal of Plant Pathology, 1999, 105(2):115-122.13u Ä,. vç ¾h 3 )¥ ñÊÐr k J .¨Ìâ 3þÐ, 1995, 9(4):85-89. 14 Swadling I R, Tefferies P C.Antigonistic Propertiesof Tow bacterialbiocontrol agents of greymoulddisease J .Biocontrol Science andTechnolo-gy , 1998(8):439-448. 15 wî, ä +£, ù.I Nç ¾h = 3Á F% )¥s Ö ñÊ J .± 3þн, 2004, 24(4):62-64. 16 yZ£. ! ¾¥ Ö0 ÿ Æ¥ºM ñÊ#¤:ç ¾h )¥Á FT¨D .½ê j<vÐ « V Ó. 17 JanisiewiczW, Yourman L, Roitman, et al.Postharvestcontrolofbluemold andgray moldof applesandpearsby diptreatmentwithpyrrolnitrin, ametabolite ofPseudomonas cepacia J .Plant Dis,1991:490-494.The Prevent of Botrytis in Cut RoseviaFoliage Spring of Ferment SolutionZHANG Yun-feng1, GUAN Hui-lin2, XIEQin-hua2 , YAN Sheng-qi1(1.TheSchool ofBiologicalScience, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming , Yunnan650029, China;2.The College of Energy Sources andEnvironment, YunnanNormalUniversity, Kunming, Yunnan 650029, China)Abstract:Botrytisareprobably themostcommon andmost wildly diseasesof cutrosewhich appearedatflower andstemin greenhouseand cooling roomat low temperatureandhigh humidity condition.In traditionalhorticulture, thegermi-cidewasusedtopreventthediseasestohappened, theresultswerenotveryideality.Inthisexperiment, theorganicfer-ment solutionpreparationfromBYM wasusedtopreventbotrytisincutroseatgreenhouseviafoliagespringoftheprep-aration.Theresultsshowedthatthepreventimpact,diseasesfrequencyanddiseaseindexwaslowerwhenspring theva-riouspreparationincludingwholefermentsolution, filtrationsolutionor filtration(fermentmicrobe)thenthatofcompari-son, metalaxylwhich wasusedcommonlyintraditionforbotrytisprevent, theformer' preventimpactincreased14.82%and62.11%then thatofmetalaxylandwater .Theresultalsoshowedthatafter springtheorganicfermentsolution, theheightof flowercup, diameterofflower, stemlengthofflower , areaof leafandvaselifewasimprovedatvariouslevels.Through seriesexperiments basedseparatetheferment solution, treat thedifferentcompositeof fermentbymicrowave,andit' seffect on sporegermination andmycelialgrowth,et al, wesuggested thepreventmechanismof organicfermentsolutionfor botrytiswas complexion, it's function may beconcerningwithit's biosynthesismaterialandmicrobe.Thebiosynthesismaterialcould restrain thesporegermination and growth of mycelial on oneside, and on theother sideitcouldpromotethe physiological activity of plant.The microbe could hold the ecological position in exterior of plant,decreased theattachmentof pathogeny, socould restrain the happen ofbotrytisin cut rose.Thetechniqueusedin theexperiment was very simple, soit couldbeavery practicalityinusage.Keywords:Ferment solution;Botrytisdisease;Physiologicalactivity;Cut rose161