安徽省滁州市农业气象灾害对农业生产的影响
<p>Effects of Agricultural Meteorological Disasterson Agricultural Production in Chuzhou City ofAnhui ProvinceLei CHEN*, Zhu REN, Yi JIANGInstitute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaSupported by the Project for Science and Technology Innovation Team DevotingThemselves to Analysis and Research of Agricultural Disaster Risk in Anhui Province(14C1409).*Corresponding author. E-mail: 6067825qq.comReceived: October 20, 2017 Accepted: November 24, 2017AAgricultural Science Agricultural production; Influence; Preventionmeasures安 徽 省滁州市农业气象灾害对农业生产的影响陈 磊*，任 竹 ，江 懿 （安 徽 省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所 ，安徽合肥 230031）摘 要 结 合 19882012 年 安 徽省滁州市农业灾害受灾资料 ，分析当地多发 、易发的气象灾害种类 、 特点及其对农业生产造成的影响 ，并探讨了滁州市气象部门近年来对主要农业气象灾害的防御措施 。关键词 气象灾害 ；农业生产 ；影响 ；防御措施基金项 目 安 徽 省农业灾害风险分析研究科技创新团队 （14C1409）。作 者 简介 陈 磊 (1977-)，男 ，安 徽 金寨人 ，副研究员 ， 从事农业信息研究 ，E-mail：6067825qq.com。 * 通 讯 作者 。收稿日 期 2017-10-20修回日期 2017-11-24DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2017.12.0512017AgriculturalScience&Technologyenvironment, precipitation in the cityvaries greatly in space and time, andmeteorological disasters occur fre-quently in the city.Meteorological disasters appear-ing in Chuzhou City have characteris-tics of being diversified, wide range ofinfluence, appearing frequently, lastingfor a long time, and heavy damage.Floods and landslides caused by rain-storms happens sometimes. Amongmeteorological disasters, drought andfloods are caused by water factors,and frost is caused by temperaturefactors, while typhoons are caused bywind factors. Disaster weather occursall the year round. The occurrence ofdisasters often leads to chain reac-tions. For instance, typhoons, rain-storms, floods and crop diseases andpests, etc. occur one after anther,which can bring adverse effects toagricultural production.Analysis of AgriculturalMeteorological DisastersDroughtSeen from Fig.1, agriculturaldrought in Chuzhou City happenedmost seriously in 1994, and affectedarea was up to 467 725 m2, of whichdisaster area was 392 973 m2(ac-counting for 84.0% of affected area).Affected area was the second largestin 1992, up to 412 550 m2, of whichdisaster area was 270 579 m2. Affect-ed area was the smallest in 1993, only6 030 m2. In 1996, 1998 and 2007,drought did not cause agricultural dis-asters in Chuzhou City.FloodsAs shown in Fig.2, agriculturalfloods in Chuzhou City occurred mostseriously in 1991, and affected areareached 671 333 m2, of which disasterarea was 585 767 m2(accounting for87.3% of affected area). Affected areawas the second largest in 2003, up to246 978 m2, of which disaster areawas 227 354 m2(accounting for 92.1%of affected area). Affected area wasthe smallest in 1995, only 6 486 m2.Floods did not lead to agricultural dis-asters in Chuzhou City in 1994, 2004,2008 and 2012.FrostAccording to Fig.3, agriculturalfrost in Chuzhou City happened mostseriously in 2002, and affected areawas 185 966 m2, of which disasterarea was 127 075 m2and harvest fail-ure area was 8 939 m2(accounting for4.8% of affected area). Affected areawas the second largest in 1988,reaching 31 713 m2, of which disasterarea was 22 973 m2(accounting for72.4% of affected area). Affected areawas the smallest in 1993, only 8 m2. In1991-1992, 1995-1996, 1999, 2001,and 2004-2007, frost did not result inFig.4 Affected area, disaster area and harvest failure area of agriculture caused bytyphoons in Chuzhou City from 1988 to 2012Fig.3 Affected area, disaster area and harvest failure area of agriculture caused by frost inChuzhou City during 1988-2012Fig.2 Affected area, disaster area and harvest failure area of agriculture caused by floods inChuzhou City from 1988 to 2012Fig.1 Affected area, disaster area and harvest failure area of agriculture caused by droughtin Chuzhou City during 1988-20122428AgriculturalScience&Technology2017agricultural disasters in Chuzhou City.TyphoonsSeen from Fig.4, agricultural ty-phoons in Chuzhou City appearedmost seriously in 2008, and affectedarea was up to 105 850 m2, of whichdisaster area was 80 354 m2and har-vest failure area was 43 248 m2(ac-counting for 40.9% of affected area).Affected area was the second largestin 2007, up to 43 250 m2, of which har-vest failure area was 9 900 m2(ac-counting for 22.9% of affected area).Affected area was the smallest in2012, only 4 282 m2. Typhoons did notlead to agricultural disasters inChuzhou City in 1998-2000, 2004 and2006.Effects of MeteorologicalDisasters on Local Agricul-tural Production in Chu-zhouCityDroughtDrought is one of the most seriousmeteorological disasters for agricultur-al production in Chuzhou City. TheJianghuai watershed area of ChuzhouCity is deficient in surface water, anddrought happens frequently here. InChuzhou City, drought often occurs insummer, autumn and spring, of whichthe appearance of drought in summerand autumn is the frequentest.Drought can bring adverse effects topeoples and animals drinking watersafety, crop irrigation and farmersproduction and life and often leads tothe decrease of crop yield and evenharvest failure of crops. When seriousdrought appeared in 1994, more than0.5 million people and 0.21 million do-mestic animals in 715 administrativevillages of 115 towns of the city weredifficult to drink water.Floods caused by rainstormsIn Chuzhou City, floods mainlyappear in the main flood season insummer, and precipitation is mostconcentrated in Meiyu period frommiddle June to early July. Waterlog-ging, torrential floods, embankmentcollapse and landslides caused byrainstorms occur sometimes, whichcan threaten peoples life and proper-ty safety. At the same time, floodscaused by rainstorms can flood farm-land, thereby forming waterlogging,causing pests and diseases, and lead-ing to a decrease of crop yield andeven harvest failure of crops. In 1991,areas between the Yangze River andthe Huai River suffered an extraordi-nary rainstorm, and the rainstorm wasstrong and lasted for a long time,which caused a big drop in the yield ofsummer grain crops. The disaster areaof farmland accounted for more than85% of its affected area, and the pro-portion reached 87.3% in ChuzhouCity.FrostFrost is also a common agricul-tural meteorological disaster inChuzhou City. In the city, frost beginson November 4 and ends on March 30on average, and annual average frost-free period is 210 d. Frost mainly ap-pears from December to next Febru-ary. It can harm the normal develop-ment of crops, and the influence isgreat in the early maturing period. Itcan lead to a decrease of crop yieldand even harvest failure of crops. In2002, serious frost happened inChuzhou City, and the disaster area offarmland accounted for more than68.3% of its affected area.TyphoonsFrom July to September, ty-phoons often affect agriculture inChuzhou City. Typhoons can alleviatesummer drought and hot weather, butlocal rice is earring and flowering anddryland crops and fruits are mature inthe period, and agriculture will bedamaged by heavy rainfall greatlyonce affected by typhoons. In 2008,typhoon disasters were serious inChuzhou City, and the disaster area offarmland accounted for 75.9% of itsaffected area.Measures to Prevent Mete-orological DisastersEnhancing the monitoring and earlywarning level of meteorologicaldisastersAt present, multi-factor automaticweather stations have covered alltowns of Chuzhou City to form high-density ground monitoring network ofmeteorological disasters, which canprovide timely and accurate scientificbasis for the monitoring and earlywarning of small-and middle-scale andlocal disastrous weather and improvethe monitoring and early warning levelof meteorological disasters.Strengthening cooperation be-tween departmentsMeteorological departments ofChuzhou City should actively do agood job of monitoring, forecastingand early warning of critical, disastrousand transitional weather and timelyprovide information on live monitoring,forecasting and early warning, rainconditions and water regimes of disas-trous weather for government and rel-evant departments. Meanwhile, theyshould cooperate with land, agricultur-al, flood control and drought relief de-partments to do a good job of monitor-ing and early warning of meteorologi-cal disasters in key areas such as ge-ological disaster hidden points, gatedams and reservoirs. According to lo-cal agricultural planting structure andagricultural activities, it is necessary towork out an agricultural meteorologicalannual service program, regularlymake a weekly weather report, a spe-cial report for important weather infor-mation, an agricultural weekly report, aten-day report, a monthly report, me-teorological disaster warning, forecastof crop development periods, droughtmonitoring and other agricultural spe-cial meteorological services that aresent by fax, governmental special net-work, network and other channels,which can provide the basis for gov-ernments flood control and droughtrelief, organization of disaster preven-tion and mitigation, and agriculturalproduction. At the same time, directmeteorological services should be of-fered to large breeding farms, profes-sional cooperatives and agriculture-related enterprises, and informationabout early warning, live weather situ-ation, and meteorological service rec-ommendations should be released toguide agricultural production and re-duce the damage to agricultural pro-duction caused by meteorologicaldisasters.Strengthening the release of mete-orological disaster warning infor-mationBesides releasing warning signalinformation by TV forecast programs,radio, newspapers, short message(Continued on page 2457)2429AgriculturalScience&Technology2017Responsible editor: Yingying YANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WUservices, it is necessary to make fulluse of online media release tools andbroaden the audience and coverage ofearly warning information by mi-croblog, WeChat and APP applicationof meteorological disaster monitoringand early warning service platform ofChuzhou City. In regions where mete-orological disasters appear frequentlysuch as geological disaster hiddenpoints, major defensive reservoirs, anelectronic display screen and weatherwarning radio should be installed, andthree-dimensional information dissem-ination ways make the weather warn-ing information coverage and satisfac-tion improved. In addition, it is neces-sary to enhance the advancement ofearly warning information release andrelease red warning signals of meteo-rological disasters in the whole net-work.Improving meteorological disasterprevention systemMeteorological comprehensive in-formation service stations have beenfounded in all towns of Chuzhou City,and an information member troop in-cluding weather information membersand emergency contact workers at ge-ological disaster hidden points hasbeen set up, which plays importantroles in meteorological disaster warn-ing information dissemination, disasterprevention of the masses, disastercollection and feedback, and develop-ment of science popularization of me-teorological disasters.References1 GUO JX (郭 进 修 ). Classification of me-teorological disasters and strategies forhazard prevention and reduction in Chi-na (我国气象灾害的分类 与 防灾减灾对策 )J. Journal of Catastrophology (灾 害学 )，2005, 20(4): 106-110.2 GONG NZ (龚 年 祖 ), HU SS (胡 姗 姗 ),Jin HX (金 华 星 ), et al. 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Journal of Agri-cultural Catastrophology (农 业 灾 害 研究 ),2017, 7（4）：1-3.Responsible editor: Yingying YANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WUDNA.The detection of unknown sam-ples by CO I gene has been widelyused in the identification of mosqui-toes. The alignment results of BLODshowed that the homology of COIgene obtained in this study with corre-sponding mosquito species was99.67%-100.00%, higher than 98%,so they could be confirmed as thesame species.The clustering analysis results ofphylogenetic tree constructed basedon the neighbor-joining method re-vealed that different species ofmosquitoes were located in differentbranches. Sample 1, Culex orientalisand Culex tritaeniorhynchus got to-gether, while four samples of A. subal-batus got together at first and thengathered together with A. subalbatusregistered in GeneBank. 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