红火炬郁金种球的抗寒生理及植物生长调节剂的低温保护效果.pdf

<p>&nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp;. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ,4（）：4 - . ：. . . - . . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp;（ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; ） &nbsp;： &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（Curcuma hybrida ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（）、 &nbsp; &nbsp;（）、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（）、 -、 &nbsp; &nbsp;（ ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; ： &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； -； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;：. . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ： &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;： - （） - 4 - &nbsp; &nbsp; ： - - &nbsp; &nbsp; ： &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （ &nbsp; ：）； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;）； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; ： &nbsp; &nbsp;（）, &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 ： （） ； -： . 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; （Curcuma hybrida ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （CurcumaL） &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; 4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;）, &nbsp; &nbsp;. . , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp;（ ,） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 - 。 &nbsp; &nbsp;（ ,） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - ； &nbsp; &nbsp;（, ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - ； - （ -） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp;. L - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（,） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - 4 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（ &nbsp; -, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;）, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;）。 &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . &nbsp; &nbsp; . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4（ &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;）、 、- &nbsp;4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; L &nbsp; &nbsp;、 L（ &nbsp; L） &nbsp; &nbsp;、. L &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、. L -、 L &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （）： &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; （）： &nbsp; &nbsp;4 &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 , &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;. . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;、- &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;（4 ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （ &nbsp; ） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（ &nbsp; &nbsp;）, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（）、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（）、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（ - · ）, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（H ）。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; H &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 . . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 、 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - 。 &nbsp; 4 - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; （4 ） &nbsp;； &nbsp;4 - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp;4 - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp;- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;（） &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - ,、 &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;； &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - 。 &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ； &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 . 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp;、 - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; - &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;,- &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, &nbsp; 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