几种无土栽培甜椒基质的比较

+Õír ¡CÉ¥1 孙治强 李胜利 张惠梅(河南农业大学林学园艺学院,郑州 450002)K1 V?¤(81)=32、½ 3 T F èû=532Ö Ü F èû=532©3ÕË¥¯ÉÉCír ¡¥1 ùî。²TV ü: Ë¥¯É î ¡¥C 3É?â、Á s9Á (µ üAµY。ý<l þ¹ö¥ V?¤=32¥ - ùÁ r11 745 kg/hm2;½ 3 T F èû=532¥¯É5¤KÚ¥ ÖT9Á ,r42 753 kg/hm2,1v9Á20.3%,T L¥Vcc¹KÚ, Cír ¡¥ aRÉ ¥Z。1oM C;Éír ¡ÏmEs Ë| S 641.304+.7! ó¥Bv+Ä ír ¡/ ¥<W¨,B/ ®¿ µ X õTp¸、h 、L¿1îÄ5 Ø、 b±Ï 3 O ? 3ÁÚÁªÉ¥ v7 °m s ¦ Ì¥ e 1 。É ¡ ír ¡¥ö1 T,SȨ j¨û ãTÉcµv C¥ ¥É 2 。9µùî 7?30 T9 C, R¼ µÉ© 3 。3sYʨý<l þ Þ V?,s³¥ j<l þ½ 3 Ts³¥ j<l þÖ Ü¹ö1ð ,ÉCír ¡¨rT¥ùî, ù ñÊ aCír ¡ L¨N ÷¥É ¥Z,i¹ SШ4 Ø ¥G 。1 ÐZE1.1 k 1998 1999 Mç:ó?Z ³¹ °Ñ i =É k, k !3Õ Ë3ñÉ ¥Z(nV1),r ¡¹v。¤¹êÁÚÊ C, V?¹ pQ V V?( ìå<2 cm)、 F、 èû¹¢ÜÖ Ú ò Ñ Ì 3Á,½ 3 T、Ö ÜVÏ ¤, Ͻ 3 T ìª P¨,Ö Üx Þ( ìå<1 cm)。É ¡¨¢ ¡,¢¥?ì¹: =åz48 cm、å z72 cm,¢Ú15 cm , =Aɨ12cm,¢¸ !B 1 £ª。r ¡ | Iç±。É¡r ¡ ( P¨BÕ!A ¥Z:Ca(NO3)2188 g/t、KNO3 564.9 g/t、MgSO4 23 g/t、KH2PO4152.5 g/t 、HNO3 245 ml/t, EC´¹1.5 2 .0ms/cm。 £s¨-© EÉ5 Ø。V1 ) Ø#ÉFîTable1 The treatment and its formulation) ØTreatmentÉFîSubstrates component81Volumeratio1V?+¤Slag+peat322½ 3 T+ F+ èûPeanutshell+vermiculite+perlite5323Ö Ü+ F+ èûCorncob+vermiculite+perlite532CKr ¡Soil cultureC ÖÕ¹Z5|,1998 M25 °ç±,á27 000é/hm2 , Äé =4ñ§¥,l u ë¹30 m2 ,3Qׯ, Û uF 。1.2 ©ç “#ZEç± -vByrne 4¥õø £ £E©ç ¸×(BD)、Y d#(AFP)、Kvû £ (CC)9 d#(TP)。là ° ù:2003-01-21 2 8 S/þ1'ù “(012201220)äÍ <, 3,1956 M 3, q.ýTÊ: 2 j<vÐ ÐóÐý,¢Ü450002»22 »3 ù2003 M 6¿ Ï j < v Ð Ð Journal of Huazhong Agricultural UniversityVol.22 No.3June 2003,266 269DOI :10.13300/j.cnki .hnlkxb.2003.03.015C l H©ç±é¥éÚ、ÔY、= ë、=s Íc 、; Î q,T L¥Vc、 V ·%þ c 。= ë¨1=×E,= s ͨX?4|E 5 ,; Î q¨ÏS j<vÐ 3Á¥BAU;©çN©ç,Vc¨2.6 -= opÆpE, V ·%þc |¬A¨ mû©9©ç, ¨ì E©ç 6 。:ò) Ø¥* ùÁ (410 ° -¥Á )、9Á ÖT q,Kª|¹ g¥Á ,i9 Ø ÖTÁ 。2 ²TÐs2.1 ËÉ¥þ Ø+ð É¥þ Ø+nV2 ,É ¥Z¥þ Ø+# ¡VñÏMÄnV3。òñ)Ø®¿ î¨É¥FîÁ P þ Ø+µsv。ç± -v(r )¥BDKv,¹1 .12 g/cm3 ,Q¹ V?¹ö¥) Ø,7 j<l þ¹ö¥) ØBDM l。TP¥vl ¨½5ÐBD¥vl¨½MQ。AFPQÉ¥Y ? ï,CCQÉ¥ £ ? ï, ¥1´ Éþ Ø+¥8 ßN,3ñ) Ø¥AFPCC (v¿v,V ü¯É¥Y z, £5 Âr ; ¡VñÏò) Ø¥þ Ø+ (? 3MÄ, (VC¹BDï9v t ,TP5µñ¥®。®¿ð ÉFs,AFPCCïC¥MÄ t ,) Ø1cµ V?, AFPAFPCCïv9v,CC®,7 j<l þ¹ö¥) Ø2) Ø3¥MÄ f ЭMQ。V2 ð É¥þ Ø+Table 2 The physical properties of material substratesð ÉMaterial substrates BD1)/g·cm-3 AFP2)/ % CC3)/ % TP4)/ % AFP:CC¤Peat 0.28 20.3 65.3 85.6 13.22 FVermiculite 0.48 25.4 67.2 92.6 12.65 èûPerlite 0.09 53.3 43.2 96.5 10.81V?Slag 0.89 31.5 35.7 67.2 11.14½ 3 TPeanutshell 0.27 61.2 23.3 84.5 10.38Ö ÜCorncob 0.36 52.9 36.7 89.6 10.691)Bulk density;2)Air-filled porosity;3)Container capacity;4)Total porosityV3 ) Ø¥þ Ø+#MÄTable 3 The substrates physical characters and it' schange of different formulation) ØTreatment©ç H ùDateBD/g·cm-3AFP/ % CC/ % TP/% AFP:CC1 02-05 0.531 25.7 46.8 72.5 11.821 05-05 0.610 30.5 42.7 73.2 11.401 07-05 0.617 36.8 39.8 76.6 11.082 02-05 0.232 40.5 55.2 95.7 11.362 05-05 0.273 32.3 59.2 91.5 11.832 07-05 0.295 25.7 63.6 88.7 12.533 02-05 0.297 33.3 60.1 93.4 11.803 05-05 0.343 24.6 63.9 88.5 12.603 07-05 0.387 19.8 65.3 85.1 13.30CK 02-05 1.12 18.3 45.2 63.5 12.47CK 05-05 1.13 16.5 46.1 62.6 12.79CK 07-05 1.14 14.3 47.6 61.9 13.332.2 ËÉC! 3É¥Y ËÉC¥! 3ÉnV4 ,V 9TùC±é¥éÚ、ÔY= ë©ç²T A,v¥éÚ= ëKv,Ð îµ) Ø (VCA÷µs。É ¥Z±é¥! 3É9VCv¥µs,) Ø2¥éÚ= ësY¹150.3 cm3 243 cm2 ,éÚ1) Ø1) Ø2sYÚ10.4%2.9%,= ësYÚ3.2%10.3%。 V?¹ö¥) Ø2¥ÔY¹2.12 cm,Ú¿v ñ) Ø,OµA÷µs。V4 ËÉC! 3É¥YTable 4 Growth property of sweet pepper in various substrates) ØTreatmentéÚ/cmHeightÔY/cmStem diameteré= ëSingle leaf area/cm21 136.2 c 2.12 a 3 142 b c2 150.3 a b 1.87 b 3 243 a b3 146.0 b 1.62 d 2 941 cCK 156.8 a 1.83 b c 3 327 a267 »3 ù äÍ <©:+Õír ¡CÉ¥1 2.3 ËÉC±é 3 Ø+¥Y ËÉC= Ë¥= s Íc ; ÎqnV5,= s Íc ; Î q¥vlQ ±éÄ ? ï¥ < Ð,) Ø­W ûµ ¥v¥µs。) Ø2= s Íc ; Î q (¹Kv,sY¹2.83 mg/g27.93 mol/(m2·h), Ï Î q1vÚ21.1%,µsrA÷ £ Ü。 Q¹cµ V?¥) Ø,; Î q1vÚ16.4%,µsA÷, ­W¥= s Íc 5í üAµs。) Ø3¥= s Íc ; Î q (1 ®,Ð) Ø1、)Ø2v­W (µA÷µs。V5 ËÉC= Ë= s Í Î q¥YTable 5 Effects of substrates on chlorophyll contentand photosynsythesis of sweet pepper) ØTreatment= s Í/mg·g-1Chlorophyll content; Î q/mol·m-2·h-1Photosynsythesis1 2.52 b 26.84 a2 2.83 a 27.93 a3 1.85 c 20.25 cCK 2.68 a b 23.06 bV6 ËÉCÁ ¥YTable 6 Effects of substrates on yield of sweet pepperkg/hm2) ØTreatment- ùÁ Early yield9Á Total yield ÖT q/%Commercialfruit ratio ÖTÁ Commercialfruit yield1 11 745 a 45 076.5 a 94.0 42 372.0 a2 10 530 b 45 873.0 a 93.2 42 753.0 a3 9 450 c 39 123.0 c 78.5 30 711.0 cCK 10 449 b 43 999.5 a 80.8 35 551.5 bV7 ËÉCT L ÖÉ1 Table7 Comparison of different substrates onsweet pepper qualities) ØTreatmentVc/mg·g-1ÄþÉc / %Dry matter ratioc / %Total sugar1 0.802 b 6.13 a 2.64 a2 0.854 a 5.84 b 2.50 bc3 0.653 d 5.50 d 2.14 dCK 0.732 c 5.76 c 2.43 c2.4 ËÉCÁ ¥Y ËÉCÁ ¥YnV6,®¿ ¡VñÏ ËÉ ØÄÉMÄòs,Á PÁ ¥s) Ø­Wi“ üAµs。) Ø1 - ùÁ Ú,¹11 745 kg/hm2 ,1vÚ12.4%,µsA÷。) Ø3 - ùÁ K®,ǵ9 450 kg/hm2 ,1v®10 .6 %,µsrA÷ £ Ü9Á 5) Ø2KÚ,Ðv­WíA÷µs,®¿v¥ ÖT q1) Ø2¥ ÖT q®12.4%,Á P­W ÖTÁ µsA÷,) Ø2 ÖTÁ 1vÚ20.3%,) Ø3¥ ÖTÁ ¯K®,Ðv ñ) Ø­W¥µs (rA÷ £ Ü。2.5 É ¥ZT L ÖÉ¥Y ËÉCT L ÖÉsnV7,Vcc QC ÖÉ¥Bñ×1·S, ËÉ®¿É ØÄÉ¥µs/îT LVcc µs üA。) Ø2¥Vcc KÚ,r0.854 mg/g ,1vÚ16.7%,µsA÷,) Ø3¥Vcc K®,ǵ0.653 mg/g,1v®12.1%,µsrA÷ £ Ü。ÄþÉ c vlGQ¹) Ø1 、) Ø2、v) Ø3。3 ) ¹ £ kHq¥BÁ,¨ © -9 £E,®¿¯É¥Fî, T £ £µs v, î³¥ £s5 Ø V ?iµY,  ô þ Ø+É¥ £s5 صÉBùî,?èÉKv¥ 3Á . ï。V? BÕcµBç í Í¥íÉ,ÐCaMgc Ú,¤cµÕ± í Í, OµÉc Ú, ¿8132ªÉ¥9 b# £1û1 aR。yN) Ø1¥±é - ù3É?â z, - ùÁ Ú,Ϫ ù®¿Éþ Ø¥MÄ/î £ þµ,Y 9Á ¥4ÚÖ Ü¥C/ N¹49.9 7 ,Ú¿µÉs³ aR¥C/N (23 25),s³VñÏ,B /îÐ±é¥ N ;= ?VñÏÁ 3¥ £ Y ô“Ñ¥×ç,ûø×Y Tþ¥ 3É?â,® Á ÖÉ。yNÖ ÜtC/ N Ú¥µÉ P¨ -A¶ç5É?) Ø。½ 3 T¥C/ N l(23 .9) 7 O !É Íc Ú, ¡VñÏs³ ¤,yNiN C¥Ù5,9Á îµ) ØÏKÚ,r 42 753.0kg/hm2 , ÖÉ9z¿v,½ 3 TZ ÷<W,Nì10í/m3 ,7¤Bî200í/m3 ,yN½ 3 T F èû=532 BÕ aZ¹ u¨268 ¿Ï j<vÐл22 ¥É ¥Z。 I Ó D1 ¢¿,. s ä J Ö v21 W ! j<¥öÁ Ö.ÏS v,1999(1):1 32 R W ´, Ù T +,ñ Á©.µÉ ¡ vír ¡ ¥¨ùî. + j<vÐÐ,2000,31(1):89 923 Ù Û Û,±¥, Ù T +©. R¼ µÉ ¡ v ¡ ¨rT¥ùî. + j<vÐÐ,2000,31(1):93 954 Byrne P J , Carty B.Development in the measurements of air-filledporosity of peat substrates.Acta Horticulturae,1989 , 366:257 2645 fI.Tþ 3 ØùîE.Ø: j<ñ,1990.35 406 öê jÐý.±þ 3 ØÐ L·.6 2: öê SÐ/ ñ,1980.45 507 S j</ w<Ï.ÏSµg !s½.Ø:ÏSj<ñ,1999.53 63Comprison between Several Substrates on Soilless Culture of sweet PepperSun Zhiqiang Li Shengli Zhang Huimei(College of Forestry and Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002, China)Abstracts Three different types of substrates obtained through three formulae,slagpeat=32,peanut-shellvermiculiteperlit=532 and corncobvermiculiteperlite=532,were used in sweet pepper soillessculture.The results are as follows:Plant cultivated in substrate in which inorganic material is the main com-ponent grows fine during early stage and the yield is superior to that of control.Slagpeat =32 gets the high-est early yield(11 745 kg/hm2).The substrate including peanshell got the highest yield(42 753 kg/hm2), in-creasing by 20 .3%compared with the control's yield .Vc is also superior to that in the control' s.Peanshellvermiculiteperlite=532 is an appropriate substrates formula for sweet pepper soilless culture.Key words sweet pepper;substrate;soilless culture(责任编辑:张志钰)269 »3 ù äÍ <©:+Õír ¡CÉ¥1