几种无土栽培甜椒基质的比较
Õír ¡CÉ¥1 *孙治强 李胜利 张惠梅河南农业大学林学园艺学院,郑州 450002K1 [ V∶¤813∶2、½ 3 T∶ F∶ èû5∶3∶2Ö Ü∶ F∶ èû5∶3∶2©3ÕË¥¯ÉÉCír ¡¥1 ùî。²TV ü] Ë¥¯É î ¡¥C 3Éâ、Á s9Á µ üAµY。[ýl þ¹ö¥ V∶¤3∶2¥ - ùÁ r11 745 kg/hm2;½ 3 T∶ F∶ èû5∶3∶2¥¯É5¤KÚ¥ ÖT9Á ,r42 753 kg/hm2,1v9Á20.3,T L¥Vcc¹KÚ, Cír ¡¥ aRÉ ¥Z。1oM C;É;ír ¡ÏmEs Ë| S 641.304.7 ó\¥BvÄ ír ¡/ ¥W¨,B/ ®¿ µ X õTp¸、h ] 、L¿1îÄ5 Ø、 b±Ï 3 O 3ÁÚÁªÉ¥ v7 °m s ¦ Ì¥ ]e[ 1] 。É ¡ ír ¡¥ö1 T,SȨ j¨û ãTÉcµv C¥ ¥É[ 2] 。9µùî 730 T9} C, R¼ µÉ©[ 3] 。3sYʨýl þ Þ V,s³¥ jl þ½ 3 Ts³¥ jl þÖ Ü¹ö1ð ,ÉCír ¡¨rT¥ùî,[ ù ñÊ aCír ¡ L¨N ÷¥É ¥Z,i¹ SШ4 Ø ¥G 。1 ÐZE1.1 k 1998 ~ 1999 Mçó\Z ³¹ °;Ñ i É k, k 3Õ Ë3ñÉ ¥ZnV1,[r ¡¹v。¤¹êÁÚÊ C, V¹ pQ V V ìå2 cm、 F、 èû¹¢ÜÖ Ú ò Ñ Ì 3Á,½ 3 T、Ö ÜVÏ ¤, Ͻ 3 T ìª P¨,Ö Üx Þ ìå1 cm。É ¡¨¢ ¡,¢¥ì¹ åz48 cm、å z72 cm,¢Ú15 cm , Aɨ12cm,¢¸ B 1 £ª。r ¡ | Iç±。É¡r ¡ P¨]BÕA ¥ZCaNO32188 g/t、KNO3 564.9 g/t、MgSO4 23 g/t、KH2PO4152.5 g/t 、HNO3 245 ml/t, EC´¹1.5 ~ 2 .0ms/cm。 £s¨-© EÉ5 Ø。V1 ØÉFîTable1 The treatment and its ulation ØTreatmentÉFîSubstrates component81Volumeratio1V¤Slagpeat3∶22½ 3 T F èûPeanutshellvermiculiteperlite5∶3∶23Ö Ü F èûCorncobvermiculiteperlite5∶3∶2CKr ¡Soil cultureC ÖÕ¹Z5|,1998 M25 °ç±,á27 000é/hm2 , Äé 4ñ§¥,l u ë¹30 m2 ,3Q¯, Û uF 。1.2 ©ç[ “ZEç± -vByrne[ 4]¥õø £ £E©ç ¸BD、Y dAFP、Kvû £ CC9 dTP。là ° ù2003-01-21* 2 8 S/þ1 ù[ “012201220äÍ , 3,1956 M 3, q.ýTÊ 2 jvÐ Ðó\Ðý,¢Ü450002»22 »3 ù2003 M 6¿ Ï j v Ð Ð Journal of Huazhong Agricultural UniversityVol.22 No.3June 2003,266~ 269DOI 10.13300/ki .hnlkxb.2003.03.015C l H©ç±é¥éÚ、ÔY、 ë、s Íc 、; Î q,T L¥Vc、 V ·þ c 。 ë¨1E, s ͨX4|E[ 5] ,; Î q¨ÏS jvÐ 3Á¥BAU;©çN©ç,Vc¨2.6 - opÆpE, V ·þc |¬A¨ mû©9©ç, ¨ì E©ç[ 6] 。ò Ø¥* ùÁ 410 ° -¥Á 、9Á ÖT q,Kª|¹ g¥Á ,i9 Ø ÖTÁ 。2 ²TÐs2.1 ] ËÉ¥þ Ø]ð É¥þ ØnV2 ,]É ¥Z¥þ Ø ¡VñÏMÄnV3。òñØ®¿ î¨É¥Fî]Á P þ صsv。ç± -vr ¥BDKv,¹1 .12 g/cm3 ,Q¹[ V¹ö¥ Ø,7[ jl þ¹ö¥ ØBDM l。TP¥vl ¨½5ÐBD¥vl¨½MQ。AFPQÉ¥Y ï,CCQÉ¥ £ ï, ¥1´ Éþ Ø¥8 ßN,3ñ Ø¥AFP∶CC v¿v,V ü¯É¥Y z, £5 Âr ; ¡VñÏò Ø¥þ Ø 3MÄ, VC¹BDï9v t ],TP5µ]ñ¥®。®¿ð ÉFs,AFPCCïC]¥MÄ t ], Ø1cµ V, AFPAFP∶CCïv9v,CC®,7[ jl þ¹ö¥ Ø2 Ø3¥MÄ f ÐMQ。V2 ð É¥þ ØTable 2 The physical properties of material substratesð ÉMaterial substrates BD1/g·cm-3 AFP2/ CC3/ TP4/ AFPCC¤Peat 0.28 20.3 65.3 85.6 1∶3.22 FVermiculite 0.48 25.4 67.2 92.6 1∶2.65 èûPerlite 0.09 53.3 43.2 96.5 1∶0.81VSlag 0.89 31.5 35.7 67.2 1∶1.14½ 3 TPeanutshell 0.27 61.2 23.3 84.5 1∶0.38Ö ÜCorncob 0.36 52.9 36.7 89.6 1∶0.691Bulk density;2Air-filled porosity;3Container capacity;4Total porosityV3 ] Ø¥þ ØMÄTable 3 The substrates physical characters and it schange of different ulation ØTreatment©ç H ùDateBD/g·cm-3AFP/ CC/ TP/ AFPCC1 02-05 0.531 25.7 46.8 72.5 1∶1.821 05-05 0.610 30.5 42.7 73.2 1∶1.401 07-05 0.617 36.8 39.8 76.6 1∶1.082 02-05 0.232 40.5 55.2 95.7 1∶1.362 05-05 0.273 32.3 59.2 91.5 1∶1.832 07-05 0.295 25.7 63.6 88.7 1∶2.533 02-05 0.297 33.3 60.1 93.4 1∶1.803 05-05 0.343 24.6 63.9 88.5 1∶2.603 07-05 0.387 19.8 65.3 85.1 1∶3.30CK 02-05 1.12 18.3 45.2 63.5 1∶2.47CK 05-05 1.13 16.5 46.1 62.6 1∶2.79CK 07-05 1.14 14.3 47.6 61.9 1∶3.332.2 ] ËÉC 3É¥Y] ËÉC¥ 3ÉnV4 ,V 9TùC±é¥éÚ、ÔY ë©ç²T A,v¥éÚ ëKv,Ð îµ Ø VCA÷µs。]É ¥Z±é¥ 3É9VCv¥µs, Ø2¥éÚ ësY¹150.3 cm3 243 cm2 ,éÚ1 Ø1 Ø2sYÚ10.42.9, ësYÚ3.210.3。[ V¹ö¥ Ø2¥ÔY¹2.12 cm,Ú¿v ñ Ø,OµA÷µs。V4 ] ËÉC 3É¥YTable 4 Growth property of sweet pepper in various substrates ØTreatmentéÚ/cmHeightÔY/cmStem diameteré ëSingle leaf area/cm21 136.2 c 2.12 a 3 142 b c2 150.3 a b 1.87 b 3 243 a b3 146.0 b 1.62 d 2 941 cCK 156.8 a 1.83 b c 3 327 a267 »3 ù äÍ ©Õír ¡CÉ¥1 2.3 ] ËÉC±é 3 Ø¥Y] ËÉC Ë¥ s Íc ; ÎqnV5, s Íc ; Î q¥vlQ ±é]Ä ï¥ Ð,] ØW ûµ ¥v¥µs。 Ø2 s Íc ; Î q ¹Kv,sY¹2.83 mg/g27.93 μmol/m2·h, Ï; Î q1vÚ21.1,µsrA÷ £ Ü。 Q¹cµ V¥ Ø,; Î q1vÚ16.4,µsA÷, W¥ s Íc 5í üAµs。 Ø3¥ s Íc ; Î q 1 ®,Ð Ø1、Ø2vW µA÷µs。V5 ] ËÉC Ë s Í; Î q¥YTable 5 Effects of substrates on chlorophyll contentand photosynsythesis of sweet pepper ØTreatment s Í/mg·g-1Chlorophyll content; Î q/μmol·m-2·h-1Photosynsythesis1 2.52 b 26.84 a2 2.83 a 27.93 a3 1.85 c 20.25 cCK 2.68 a b 23.06 bV6 ] ËÉCÁ ¥YTable 6 Effects of substrates on yield of sweet pepperkg/hm2 ØTreatment- ùÁ Early yield9Á Total yield ÖT q/Commercialfruit ratio ÖTÁ Commercialfruit yield1 11 745 a 45 076.5 a 94.0 42 372.0 a2 10 530 b 45 873.0 a 93.2 42 753.0 a3 9 450 c 39 123.0 c 78.5 30 711.0 cCK 10 449 b 43 999.5 a 80.8 35 551.5 bV7 ] ËÉCT L ÖÉ1 Table7 Comparison of different substrates onsweet pepper qualities ØTreatmentVc/mg·g-1ÄþÉc / Dry matter ratioc / Total sugar1 0.802 b 6.13 a 2.64 a2 0.854 a 5.84 b 2.50 bc3 0.653 d 5.50 d 2.14 dCK 0.732 c 5.76 c 2.43 c2.4 ] ËÉCÁ ¥Y] ËÉCÁ ¥YnV6,®¿ ¡VñÏ] ËÉ ØÄÉMÄòs,Á PÁ ¥s ØWi“ üAµs。 Ø1 - ùÁ Ú,¹11 745 kg/hm2 ,1vÚ12.4,µsA÷。 Ø3 - ùÁ K®,ǵ9 450 kg/hm2 ,1v®10 .6 ,µsrA÷ £ Ü;9Á 5[ Ø2KÚ,ÐvWíA÷µs,®¿v¥ ÖT q1 Ø2¥ ÖT q®12.4,Á PW ÖTÁ µsA÷, Ø2 ÖTÁ 1vÚ20.3, Ø3¥ ÖTÁ ¯K®,Ðv ñ ØW¥µs rA÷ £ Ü。2.5 ]É ¥ZT L ÖÉ¥Y] ËÉCT L ÖÉsnV7,Vcc QC ÖÉ¥Bñ1·S,] ËÉ®¿É ØÄÉ¥µs/îT LVcc µs üA。 Ø2¥Vcc KÚ,r0.854 mg/g ,1vÚ16.7,µsA÷, Ø3¥Vcc K®,ǵ0.653 mg/g,1v®12.1,µsrA÷ £ Ü。ÄþÉ c vlGQ¹ Ø1 、 Ø2、v Ø3。3 ¹ £ kHq¥BÁ,¨ © -9 £E,®¿¯É¥Fî], T £ £µs v, î³¥ £s5 Ø V iµY,  ô þ ØÉ¥ £s5 صÉBùî,[èÉKv¥ 3Á . ï。V BÕcµBç í Í¥íÉ,}ÐCaMgc Ú,¤cµÕ± í Í, OµÉc Ú, ¿813∶2ªÉ¥9 b £1û1 aR。yN Ø1¥±é - ù3Éâ z, - ùÁ Ú,Ϫ ù®¿Éþ Ø¥MÄ/î £ þµ,Y 9Á ¥4Ú;Ö Ü¥C/ N¹49.9[ 7] ,Ú¿µÉs³ aR¥C/N 23 ~ 25,s³VñÏ,B /îÐ±é¥ N ; VñÏÁ 3¥ £ Y ô“Ñ¥ç,ûøY Tþ¥ 3Éâ,® Á ÖÉ。yNÖ ÜtC/ N Ú¥µÉ P¨ -A¶ç5É Ø。½ 3 T¥C/ N l23 .9[ 7] O É Íc Ú, ¡VñÏs³ ¤,yNiN C¥Ù5,9Á îµ ØÏKÚ,r 42 753.0kg/hm2 , ÖÉ9z¿v,½ 3 TZ ÷W,Nì10í/m3 ,7¤Bî200í/m3 ,yN½ 3 T∶ F∶ èû5∶3∶2 BÕ aZ¹ u¨268 ¿Ï jvÐл22 ¥É ¥Z。 I Ó D1 ¢;¿,\. s ä J Ö v21 W j¥öÁ Ö.ÏS v,199911~ 32 R W ´, Ù T ,ñ Á©.µÉ ¡ vír ¡ ¥¨ùî. jvÐÐ,2000,31189~ 923 Ù Û Û,±¥;, Ù T ©. R¼ µÉ ¡ v ¡ ¨rT¥ùî. jvÐÐ,2000,31193~ 954 Byrne P J , Carty B.Development in the measurements of air-filledporosity of peat substrates.Acta Horticulturae,1989 , 366257 ~2645 fI.Tþ 3 ØùîE.Ø jñ,1990.35~ 406 öê jÐý.±þ 3 ØÐ L·.6 2 öê SÐ/ ñ,1980.45~ 507 S j/ w Ï.ÏSµg s½.ØÏSjñ,1999.53~ 63Comprison between Several Substrates on Soilless Culture of sweet PepperSun Zhiqiang Li Shengli Zhang HuimeiCollege of Forestry and Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaAbstracts Three different types of substrates obtained through three ulae,slag∶peat3∶2,peanut-shell∶vermiculite∶perlit5∶3∶2 and corncob∶vermiculite∶perlite5∶3∶2,were used in sweet pepper soillessculture.The results are as followsPlant cultivated in substrate in which inorganic material is the main com-ponent grows fine during early stage and the yield is superior to that of control.Slag∶peat 3∶2 gets the high-est early yield11 745 kg/hm2.The substrate including peanshell got the highest yield42 753 kg/hm2, in-creasing by 20 .3compared with the control s yield .Vc is also superior to that in the control s.Peanshell∶vermiculite∶perlite5∶3∶2 is an appropriate substrates ula for sweet pepper soilless culture.Key words sweet pepper;substrate;soilless culture责任编辑张志钰269 »3 ù äÍ ©Õír ¡CÉ¥1