切花月季无土栽培技术的研究_张启翔.pdf

25 3 2003 M5 v JOURNALOF BEIJING FORESTRYUNIVERSITY Vol 25 No 3 May 2003 2002 07 18 l http S E 98401 B T f U 3 1956 M 3 q p V 3 1 Z 010 62338305Email zqx 100083 v M 1 r 张启翔1 康红梅1 唐 菁2 潘会堂1 1 v 2 S S K 1 10 M 1 4 T V C i H q Black Beauty Dream Frisco GoldenGate Escimo 5 8 V C z w 4 r k M 1 3 10 K Black Beauty Dream Frisco GoldenGate Escimo s Y r 24 20 21 20 24 90 20 50 20 60 M K z C F 8 1 1 1 M Q 3 D M 1 K V s r 4 5 M 1 r 4 G N w T 1 o M M 1 M M s m s S685 12 Zhang Qixiang Kang Hongmei Tang Jing PanHuitang Cultivation techniques of cut roses in soilless culture Journal of Beijing Forestry University 2003 25 3 22 27 Ch 11ref SchoolofLandscapeArchitecture Bei jing For Univ 100083 P R China Ten cultivarsofmedium flower cut roseswere cultivatedon four substrates peat coir rockwooland ver miculite perlite 1 1 inthe computer controlled greenhouse in 2000 and2001to determine the yieldand flower quality responses Allplantswere fedwith the same nutrientin an open soillesssystem Significant differences were found among ten cultivars andamong four substrates for yield and quality of cutflowers The resultsshow that five cultivars Black Beauty Dream Frisco Golden Gate Escimo were suitable for soilless cul ture their flower quality andyieldwere betterthan those of other cultivars Among four media rockwool grown cutroses demonstrated the bestyield and quality such astheyieldof Black Beauty was250 stems m2 in 10 month flushes then the peat andthe mixer coirwasthe last The effectofmediaonnutrientofcut rose leaves the physicaland chemicalpropertiesof differentmedia andthe culturalmode offive extending cultivarsare also given in this paper Key words cut rose cultivar medium yieldofcut rose quality ofcut rose mineralnutrient 1 W v 7 M B 1 M 1 X V4 000hm2 M 7 M 60 a 1 3 v S X i 1 e M S 1 3 8 1 4 S M 1 3 v V S S 1 M M C S 1 4 Y V S M 1 M 1 v 5 r g a C i H q M 1 r S g h n 1 S M 1 4 G 1 材料与方法 1 1 Sacha 10 V M 1 Q DOI 10 13332 j 1000 1522 2003 03 007 4 s Y 3 D C F 8 1 1 1 e 1 2 5 5 7 b T r 8 10 m2 9 A g Z T g E 2000 M4 1 1 6 19 l B d 9 2001 M4 19 k v i e 1 3 Z E 5 1 Duncan E M S H W 2001 M3 20 4 19 9 2000 M6 19 2001 M4 19 g 6 g g r s h n S s Z E E 1 1 E pH E 9 E E 0 1 mol L NH4OAc E rN 7 f E rP 0 5mol LNaHCO3 4 3 F 1 E r K 1 mol L NH4OAc 4 E r Ca Mg Fe Zn Mn 0 l s E 5 r s s N 7 f E P M 1 E K E Ca Mg Fe Zn Mn 0 l E 5 2 试验结果 2 1 1 M 1 V1 1 M 1 TABLE 1 Comparisonof the cutflower quality andyieldof differentrose cultivars 1 cm Y cm 7 g cm p d Y 1 7 1 BlackBeauty 58 68b 0 57bcd 28 60cd 7 39d 18 14a 20 59a 102 95 0 49 Dream 50 84de 0 54d 26 20de 8 12a 13 34f 17 5d 94 15 0 52 Escimo 58 45b 0 60ab 30 58bc 7 83b 14 00e 16 95ef 97 42 0 52 Frisco 54 44bc 0 55cd 29 37cd 7 4bcd 16 43c 19 8b 98 98 0 54 GoldenGate 56 1bc 0 60ab 29 22cd 7 45cd 15 11d 17 17de 93 5 0 52 Pepita 49 25e 0 55cd 27 33cde 7 71bc 14 17e 18 93c 89 55 0 56 Pretty Girl 74 50a 0 64a 35 96a 7 60bcd 12 99e 16 04f 116 41 0 48 RedChamp 51 96cde 0 61ab 33 60ab 7 65bcd 16 94b 14 52g 85 18 0 65 Sacha 51 71cde 0 48e 23 75de 7 77b 14 00e 16 09f 107 73 0 46 Sangria 52 81cde 0 49e 19 03f 6 98e 13 00f 14 09g 107 78 0 36 1 A 0 05 2 S V k T V 10 1 M Y 7 p i A s V1 Pretty Girl K 74 50 cm A Pepita K 49 25 cm M 50 60 cm W Pretty Girl Red Champ Esci mo GoldenGate Y Sacha Sangria PrettyGirl K 35 96g A Red Champ 7 Sangria K 19 03 g k H Dream K v 8 12 cm p 12d Black Beauty p r 18 14d 7 b V k 2000 M6 19 l B 2001 M4 19 l8 10 Black Beauty K 20 59 A Frisco Pepita Dream GoldenGate Q Sangria K 14 09 2 2 1 M Y M 1 3 B Y m1 A U Y 7 p 3 v Q M 7 A Q 2 3 M Y k 4 1 M p A Y Y 7 3 Y A V2 M 61 02 cm 7 33 13g p 15 19 d A 23 3 f U M 1 r m1 1 M Y FIGURE 1 Effect of nursery on quality andyieldof rose cut flowers 1 M C M 1 7 72 cm K v 3 D M 1 1 3 K 10 20 65 C M 1 M 17 64 17 01 3 D M 1 K 15 12 V2 1 M Y TABLE 2 Effectofmedia onquality andyieldof rose cutflowers cm Y cm 7 g cm p d C 57 26b 0 58ab 29 25b 7 72a 14 86 17 64b 61 02a 0 59a 33 13a 7 51b 15 19 20 65a 3 D53 56c 0 54c 26 60c 7 64ab 14 56 15 12c 54 24c 0 53bc 26 87c 7 48b 14 86 17 01b 2 4 H q M 1 1 k T V H q 1 1 T Y 7 p A s V3 Pretty Girl C PrettyGirl Pretty Girl 3 D M 70cm Sangria C Frisco C 50 cm RedChamp K Y 0 70cm Sacha Sangria C 6 RedChamp Pretty Girl C 7 v s Y 40 79 40 74 g Sangria C 18 66 g Sangria 3 D 17 47 g K Dream 3 D 8 v Esci mo 3 D 7 95 cm 7 00 7 99 cm W Black Beauty Sangria 3 D Sangria K l Black Beauty Black Beauty C Black Beauty 3 p V18 d Pretty Girl 3 D 12 8 d Sangria 12 9 d Sangria 3 D 12 9 d M p K Frisco Black Beauty 3 K s Y 24 90 24 20 A F Pepita Frisco C Black Beauty C Dream 9 F Q v 20 Sacha 3 D RedChamp 3 D Sangria 3 D K 13 0 12 7 12 6 V3 H q 1 M 1 TABLE 3 Comparisonof the cut flower quality andyieldofdifferent rose varieties indifferentmedia 1 cm Y cm 7 g cm p d Black Beauty 60 78 0 55 25 73 6 90 18 2 20 20 Black Beauty C 56 48 0 59 31 91 7 62 18 3 21 25 BlankBeauty 67 08 0 60 35 56 7 12 18 4 24 20 Black Beauty 3 D54 59 0 56 24 68 7 79 17 8 18 50 Dream 48 35 0 56 26 97 8 03 13 2 16 55 Dream C 52 63 0 55 22 36 8 22 13 1 16 80 Dream 57 24 0 58 35 76 7 60 13 8 21 20 Dream 3 D48 30 0 50 24 50 8 36 13 5 17 30 Escimo 52 65 0 59 30 62 7 70 14 0 18 54 Escimo C 60 43 0 58 25 92 7 74 14 0 16 55 Escimo 57 54 0 55 31 92 8 04 14 6 20 60 Escimo 3 D62 71 0 66 34 53 7 95 14 0 14 00 Frisco 51 63 0 58 31 70 7 39 17 2 19 25 24 v 25 V3 1 cm Y cm 7 g cm p d Frisco C 56 89 0 55 25 86 7 43 16 5 21 30 Frisco 65 28 0 59 40 10 7 58 16 2 24 90 Frisco 3 D49 39 0 51 25 18 7 49 15 7 16 30 GoldenGate 53 85 0 63 34 90 7 55 15 2 17 35 GoldenGate C 60 94 0 57 23 92 7 45 15 1 16 55 GoldenGate 58 06 0 63 33 42 7 14 15 4 20 50 GoldenGate 3 D52 73 0 58 26 74 7 52 14 9 15 95 Pepita 44 17 0 55 31 24 7 66 14 0 17 95 Pepita C 52 44 0 58 23 48 7 80 14 2 20 80 Pepita 60 10 0 65 37 00 7 22 15 2 22 30 Pepita 3 D45 70 0 46 22 42 7 90 13 8 16 35 Pretty Girl 79 59 0 64 30 45 7 33 12 9 15 55 Pretty Girl C 68 78 0 65 40 74 8 06 13 0 15 85 Pretty Girl 78 78 0 63 37 25 8 07 13 5 20 56 Pretty Girl 3 D72 98 0 64 36 06 7 24 12 8 14 45 RedChamp 49 92 0 70 40 79 7 71 16 8 14 20 RedChamp C 57 01 0 52 32 02 7 55 17 2 15 48 RedChamp 50 56 0 63 33 12 8 10 17 2 16 90 RedChamp 3 D49 65 0 60 28 22 7 46 16 7 12 70 Sacha 52 03 0 49 19 05 7 48 14 2 16 27 Sacha C 49 76 0 51 23 78 8 07 14 1 17 29 Sacha 59 30 0 52 28 30 7 52 14 4 19 50 Sacha 3 D49 56 0 44 26 15 7 90 13 5 13 00 Sangria 49 44 0 54 21 01 7 05 12 9 14 24 Sangria C 57 28 0 49 18 66 7 23 13 1 14 58 Sangria 56 30 0 48 18 90 6 72 13 2 15 80 Sangria 3 D49 96 0 45 17 47 6 79 12 9 12 60 0 05 H s A 2 5 M 1 s c Y m2 M 1 v c Y FIGURE2 Effectofmediaonmajor nutrient in the leaves of cut rose k T V 1 K Ca Mg Zn Fe c A Y P N Mn c Y A 3 D 1 P c K 0 51 P c m3 M 1 c Y FIGURE3 Effect of media onmicro nutrient inthe leavesof cut rose C 1 N 4 30 Mn 46 69 mg L c K A 3 D M m2 m3 2 6 s T V4 s T V 25 3 f U M 1 r 4 1 K v M K l 9 d v 87 Y i z 3 D d d B W V K v r s k M a 3 D 9 c c s Y 0 628 1 90 mS cm M 3 D C 3 B 0 CEC r s c s T V V5 C N c N c 3 D rP rK c s Y 118 48 2007 50mg L V4 s T TABLE 4 The analysisresultsof physical and chemicalpropertiesof different media 1 g cm 1 9 d l d v d v l d 1 B W pH EC mS cm 1 9 c CEC me kg 1 2 21 0 26 87 09 64 81 22 28 1 2 9 245 21 7 5 0 34 0 327 0 33 C 1 90 0 22 88 59 50 46 38 13 1 1 3 230 99 5 0 0 84 0 152 1 818 0 11 96 00 94 00 2 00 1 47 0 375 09 7 1 0 24 3 D1 85 0 16 90 35 83 78 6 57 1 13 8 518 13 5 6 1 90 0 628 0 944 V U l s Z E 8 V5 r s c s Tmg L 1 TABLE 5 The analysisresults of available nutrientsindifferentmedia N rP rK rFe rMn rZn rCu 0 01 4 73 149 92 0 10 3 95 1 45 6 40 C 1 79 13 58 199 43 7 82 43 65 19 20 16 80 0 02 34 11 16 00 3 D0 03 118 48 2 007 50 1 38 41 93 18 98 10 50 2 7 M M 1 B 1 y 0 r b r Y 3 i 7 Y 6 7 s i Y v m4 v 4 k M i M K Q 3 D C M M l 3 讨论与结论 3 1 M 1 4 4 H v C R S 8 9 k V Sacha 7 7 1 l 0 46 V1 y 5 n Pepita Y s g Sangria V Red Champ V Y V Pretty Girl V O m4 4 M U i m 20001010 20010310 FIGURE4 Day temperature of root zone variationof media Black Beauty Dream Frisco Golden Gate Escimo 5 8 V C z 2001 M S n Q 1 M s S 5 r B 1 p 10 w T n V6 26 v 25 V6 w T TABLE 6 Extending varieties and culturalmode cm p d T m 2 a 1 Black Bueaty I 53 70 18 19 C 230 250210 230 Dream x H53 60 13 14 200 230 Frisco I 52 69 16 17 C 240 260210 230 GoldenGate H52 63 15 16 195 215 Escimo I 52 63 14 15 195 215 B M 95 3 2 M 1 r 4 V s T A 4 k Y i z C 1 1 s c Y A 3 D s Y s l M A Y Y 3 B 1 y 0 3 B f T V T V 7 3 M i O a R 3 S V M z y B r 4 5 a 6 5 6 7 k M 1 K a 3 B Y i z 9 H q K v K 1 3 1 S j 3 g 1 3 A I n 3 N B 1 H q 4 6 7 S u C 7 c B s v l d a 9 c a B 4 T 3 C K z 7 S C X 7 M 1 C M V C z Q 7 O s l K z 6 1 D S s u 3 D M 1 M 11 S Z 2 3 D y N A 1 3 D C F Z E s S r Z 1 I D 1 B M 1 r v m 6 2001 2 u 1 S j b v 1998 4 M 1 1 o n v m 6 1997 5 S r j r j s Z E S 1983 6 MeierS Soilless culture management BerlinHeidelberg Springer Ver lag 1995 7 x r S j 1994 8 C R M 3 1994 9 M 1 3 1997 10 M S g S 2001 18 4 5 11 Pellett G Rose Ball Redbook 16th edition Illinois BallPublishing 1997 705 725 责任编辑 董晓燕 27 3 f U M 1 r