中国设施园艺产业的经济性分析

4 。 2.62 3.17 2.05 2.63 3.63 。 。 。 。 。 F326.13 A 1000-0275 2015 04-0651-06 Economi c Analysis of horticulture facility industry in China SHEN Jun 1,2, GA O Li-hong 1 ,ZHANG Zhen-he 3 ,WANG Juan-juan 3 ,CHEN Qing-yun 1 1.CollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnology,BeijingKeyLaboratoryofGrowthandDevelopmentRegulationfor ProtectedVegetableCrops,ChinaAgricultureUniversity,Beijing100193,China;2.CollegeofHorticultureand Landscape,HenanInstituteofScienceandTechnology,Xinxiang,Henan453003,China;3.NationalAgricultural TechnologyExtensionServiceCenter,Beijing100125,China Abstract In order to identify factors that restrict the development of facility horticulture, this study applied the Input-output and the Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analyses to examine the economy of Chinese facility horticulture based on the extensive surveys. The results showed that the average output-input ratio of the nationwide solar greenhouse was 2.62.However,theratiowasthehighest(3.17)inthecentralareaofnorthChinaandthelowest(2.05)inthewesternarea ofnorthChina.Theaverageoftheratiooftheplastictunnelwas2.63. There were also regional variationsfor the ratio of the plastic tunnel; the values for the south, central area and eastern area of north were 3.63, 2.09 and 1.98 respectively. Cost wise, the greenhouse construction cost was the major input of the solar greenhouse, however the fertilizer was the major cost in plastic tunnel input. Results of the CVP analysis model indicate that the breakeven point of the plastic tunnelofthesouthChinawasthelowest,andconsequentlywhoseprofitwasthehighest.Anoppositetrendwasobserved in the western area of north China. The unit price and the productivity were the most impacting factors for the facility horticulture.However,variablecosts(e.g.,fertilizer)hadmoreimpactsontheprofitthantheconstantcost.Consequently, the selection of the appropriate facility type should be appropriate to the local condition. In some cases, government support and subsidy might be necessary. In addition, an efficient logistics system is necessary to ensure the horticulture production spriceforthesustaineddevelopmentofChinesefacilityhorticulture. Key words facilityhorticulture,economy,input-output,cost-volume-profit 1. / 100193 2. 453003 3. 100125 1,2 1 3 3 1* Nycytx-35-gw22 2011BAD12B01 S2010-03-G06 。 1976- E-mail: george947163.com 1958- E-mail: caucqy163.com 。 DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2015.0064 , , , , . J. , 2015, 36(4): 651-656. Shen J, Gao L H, Zhang Z H, Wang J J, Chen Q Y. Economic Analysis of horticulture facility industry in ChinaJ. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2015, 36(4): 651-656. 2010 362.7 hm 2 90% 1 、 、 2 。 。 、 36 4 2015 7 Vol 36 No 4 July 2015 RESEARC H OF AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION 36 1。 。 、 11 、 1 、 、 、 、 1 Table 1 Sampling design of facility horticulture in China 。 、 。 3 - - 9 、 、 。 。 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 。 、 、 、 、 、 6 。 70%-80% 。 、 、 、 、 、 。 。 ( cost-volume-profit analysis CVP) “ - - ” 、 、 、 4 5。 6-7 8。 、 、 、 。 。 TR= p- 1 a n c i = 1 vc i q- n f l = 1 FC l q666.7a 1 TR p /kg a kg/m 2 vc i /m 2 、 n c q kg FC l n f TR =0 break even 652 4 point BEP 。 BEP n f l = 1 FC l p- 1 a n c i = 1 vc i 2 。 PP TP n f l = 1 FC l p- 1 a n c i = 1 vc i 3 PP kg TP 。 1% 。 T 1 = pq T R 4 T 2 = p- 1 a n c i = 1 vc i q T R 5 T i= vc iq aT R 6 T l= FC l T R 7 667m 2 8 015.28 21 007.11 2.62 2 。 。 3.17 2.05 。 p- 1 a n f i = 1 vc i q- n f l = 1 FC l 2 （ /(667m 2 .a)） Table 2 Input and output of facility horticulture 。 667m 2 5 205.00 2 810.27 13 692.07 7 315.03 2.63。 273.03 220.13 19 868.17 10 000 。 1.78 。 39.96% 23.01% 15.77% 10% 1 。 1 % Fig. 1 Component of main inputs in facility horticulture production 653 36 26.84% 26.53% 14.96% 11.80% 10%。 、 、 、 、 3 。 3 215.59 2 。 2.52 t 1.33 t 4 。 3.16 t 。 1.13 t 。 。 TP 15 000 3 Table 3 Variable cost and constant cost per unit ton of facility horticulture 2 Fig. 2 The CVP model on the average national wide solar greenhouse 4 Table 4 The CVP analysis of facility horticulture of China q q q q q q q q q 654 4 5 Table 5 The degree of sensitivity affected the facility horticulture prod