不同简易栽培设施对华南地区越夏菜心产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Simple Cultivation Facilitieson Yield and Quality of Over-summer Brassicacampestris L. in South ChinaPuxing LIANG, Ruiyi YANG, Qiang LI*, Zujiang GAO, Jing ZHANG, Biao LIANGFoshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Foshan City, Foshan 528145, ChinaSupported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503106); 2016 Agricultural Technology Extension Project of Foshan City; Project ofFeatured Vegetable Industry Innovation Team of Guangdong Province (2016LM1015).*Corresponding author. E-mail: fssnxh126.comReceived: October 20, 2017 Accepted: December 5, 2017AAgricultural Science Brassica campestris L.; Over-summer cultivation; Simplefacility不同简易栽培设施对华南地区越夏菜心产量及品质的影响梁普兴，杨瑞怡，李强*，高祖江，张晶，梁彪（佛山市农业科学研究所 /佛山市农业技术推广中心，广东佛山 528145）摘要该研究通过比较不同简易栽培设施对菜心产量及品质的影响，初步探究适合于高温季节菜心生产的设施类型，为高温季节菜心高效栽培提供技术参考。试验共设置对照CK（露地栽培）；普通防虫网棚栽培；普通塑料薄膜大棚栽培；日本透光防虫网棚栽培4 个处理。研究表明，日本透光防虫网处理相对最优，与露地栽培相比，日本透光防虫网处理下菜心株高、叶面积、产量分别提升了 22%、63%、49%；Vc 含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白分别提升了 14%、13%、10%。关键词华南地区；菜心；越夏栽培；简易设施基金项目农业部公益性行业科研专项（201503106）；2016 年佛山市农业科技推广项目 “耐热菜心高效设施栽培技术研究与推广 ”；广东省特色蔬菜产业创新团队项目（2016LM1015）。作者简介梁普兴（1963-），男，广东罗定人，高级农艺师，研究方向：蔬菜栽培。 * 通讯作者，高级农艺师，从事蔬菜栽培及育种，E-mail: fssnxh126.com。收稿日期 2017-10-20修回日期 2017-12-05DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2017.12.036AgriculturalScienceP0.05,n=3).Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on aboveground weight, underground weight and yield of B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.1 Effects of different treatments onplant height of B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top ofthe bars indicate significant differences atthe 0.05 level (Duncans multiple rangetest; P0.05, n=3).Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on leafarea of B. campestris23552017AgriculturalScienceP0.05, n=3).Fig.5 Effects of different treatments on sol-uble sugar content in B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.6 Effects of different treatments onsoluble protein content in B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on vi-tamin C content in B. campestriswere increased by 10%, 7% and 6%,respectively.Conclusions and Discus-sionThe results showed that com-pared with the control, the other threetreatments could effectively improvethe agronomic traits of B. campestris.Chen et al.3found that rain shed andanti-insect shed could improve yield,reduce pests and improve quality,which were consistent with the resultsof this study. The treatment effect ofJapanese translucent anti-insect netshed was the best, the treatment effectof ordinary anti-insect net shed rankedsecond, and the treatment effect of or-dinary plastic film greenhouse was thepoorest. Compared with open fieldcultivation, the Japanese translucentanti-insect net shed increased theplant height, leaf area and yield ofB. campestris by 22%, 63% and 49%,respectively.This study found that comparedwith the control, the other three treat-ments increased the Vc, soluble sugarand soluble protein contents of B.campestris. Miao et al.4found thatanti-insect net shed also increased thesoluble sugar content in B. campestris,in addition to reducing the applicationamount of pesticides and improvingthe yield of B. campestris, which wasconsistent with the results of thisstudy. In this study, the treatment ef-fect of Japanese translucent anti-insect net shed was the best, signifi-cantly better than those of ordinaryanti-insect net shed and ordinary plas-tic film greenhouse; no significant dif-ference was found in treatment effectbetween ordinary anti-insect net shedand ordinary plastic film greenhouse;and compared with those in open fieldcultivation, the Vc, soluble sugar andsoluble protein contents of B. campes-tris in Japanese translucent anti-insectnet shed were increased by 14%, 13%and 10%, respectively.In summary, Japanese translu-cent anti-insect net shed has obviouscomparative advantages in improvingthe yield and quality of B. campestrisin South China. In actual production, inaddition to research, development andpromotion of affordable and simple fa-cilities, the breeding of heat-resistantvarieties should also be strengthened.Screening heat-resistant B. campestrisvarieties through studying the effectsof high temperature on the growth anddevelopment, agronomic traits andphysiological indexes has a very im-portant significance on the productionof B. campestris. Studies have shownthat under high temperature stress, theyield, biomass, stalk quality and stalkleaf number of heat-tolerant B. cam-pestris varieties are higher than thoseof heat-sensitive varieties5-9.References1 ZHAI ZH (翟志宏 ), LIN ZG (林镇国 ),CHEN HH (陈慧华 ), et al. Temporal andspatial variation of temperature suitabili-ty index for Brassica parachinensis inGuangdong (广东菜心周年种植温度适宜性及其变化趋势 ) J. GuangdongAgricultural Sciences (广东农业科学 ),2016, 43(3): 66-71.2 LI HS (李合生 ). Principle and technologyof plant physiology and biochemistry ex-periment (植物生理生化实验原理和技术 ) M. Beijing: Beijing Higher Educa-tion Press (北京 : 北京高等教育出版社 ),2000.3 CHEN LN (陈丽娜 ), LYU S (吕顺 ),ZHUANG HC (庄华才 ), et al. Rain and(Continued on page 2377)2356AgriculturalScience the increment of P concen-tration in leachate was 0.07-0.10 mg/Las phosphorus application rate was600 kg P2O5/hm2. Studies have shownthat phosphorus is the major limitingfactor for the eutrophication of fresh-water systems8-10. When total nitrogenconcentration in water is >0.20 mg/L,orthophosphate concentration onlyneedstoreach0.01-0.02mg/Ltocausewater eutrophication11-12, thus damag-ing ecological environment and caus-ing pollution. Long-term excessive ap-plication of phosphorus fertilizer isbound to cause further loss of phos-phorus in sugarcane fields. However,nutrient uptake by sugarcane andphosphorus in crop residue and soilparticles taken away by surface runoffformed by rainfall erosion were ig-nored in the simulated rainfall experi-ment. The potential risk of phosphorusloss from surface soil (0-30 cm) wasexplored, so the study had limitations.In future research, field trials should becontinued to confirm the relationshipbetween phosphorus fertilizer, sugar-cane and phosphorus loss accordingto actual surface runoff and leakage ofphosphorus.The reasonable application rate ofphosphorus fertilizer for sugarcane is150 kg P2O5/hm2. However, long-termcontinuous application of phosphorusfertilizer can promote the enhance-ment of available phosphorus contentin soil and increase the risk of phos-phorus loss from sugarcane fields. Fu-ture research on the application ofphosphorus fertilizer to sugarcane andthe risk of phosphorus loss can beconducted around the increase of sug-arcane yield by phosphorus applica-tion, sugarcane planting years andavailable phosphorus content in soil.Based on available phosphorus con-tent in soil, the surplus of soil phos-phorus should be maintained in a rea-sonable range to reduce the risk ofphosphorus loss from sugarcane fieldsaccording to sugarcane planting yearsand yield targets.References1 JI HJ (冀宏杰 ), ZHANG HZ (张怀志 ),ZHANG WL (张维理 ), et al. Researchprogress on cropland phosphorus bal-ance in China (我国农田磷养分平衡研究进展 )J. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报 ), 2015,23(1):1-8.2 TAN HW (谭宏伟 ), ZHOU LQ (周柳强 ),XIE RL (谢如林 ), et al. Study on N, Pand K nutrient balance of lowland andupland ecological system in Guangxi (广西稻田和旱地的农田生态系统的氮磷钾养分平衡研究 )C/Ecological Securityand Sustainable DevelopmentPro-ceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting ofGuangxi Society of Ecology (生态安全与可持续发展广西生态学学会 2003年学术年会论文集 ), 2003.3 SHARPLEY AN, MOYER B. Phospho-rus forms in manure and compost andtheir release during simulated rainfallJ.Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000,29:1462-1469.4 XIE RL (谢如林 ), TAN HW (谭宏伟 ),ZHOU LQ (周柳强 ), et al. Water, soil,nitrogen and phosphorus losses fromsurface runoff in sugarcane croppingsystem (甘蔗种植体系水土及氮磷养分流失研究 )J. Southwest China, Journalof Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报 ),2013, 26(4): 1572-1577.5 TAN HW (谭宏伟 ). Sugarcane fertiliza-tion management (甘蔗施肥管理 )M.Beijing: China Agricultural Press (北京 :中国农业出版社 ), 2009: 108-109.6 ZHAO QG (赵其国 ), HUANG GQ (黄国勤 ), MA YQ (马艳芹 ). The problems inred soil ecosystem in southern of Chinaand its countermeasures (中国南方红壤生态系统而临的问题及对策 )J. Acta E-cologica Sinica (生态学报 ), 2013, 33(24):7615-7622.7 LIAO ZW (廖宗文 ), LIN DJ (林东教 ),WANG JL (王建林 ). A preliminary studyon the difference of P fertilizer availabilityin red earths and relative characteristicsofsoilchemistry(红壤的磷肥有效性差异及其土壤化学特点的初步研究 )J. Jour-nalofSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity(华南农业大学学报 ),1996,17(l):67-71.8 BERGE D, FJELD E, HINDAR A, et al.Nitrogen retention in two Norwegianwatercourses of different trophic statusJ. Ambio, 1997, 26(5):282-288.9 CORRELL DL. Phosphorus: a rate limit-ing nutrient in surface watersJ. PoultryScience, 1999, 78(5):674- 682.10 SCHANDLER DW. Eutrophication andrecovery in experimental lakes: impli-cation for lake managementJ. Sci-ence, 1974(184):897-899.11 LU RK (鲁如坤 ). Principles of plant nu-trition and fertilization (植物营养与施肥原理 )M. Beijing: Agricultural Press (北京 : 农业出版社 ), 2000: 201-202.12 ISSERMAN K. Share of agriculture innitrogen and phosphorus emissions in-to the surface waters of Western Eu-rope against the background of theireutrophicationJ. Fertilizer Research,1990, 6:253-269.!(Continued from page 2356)2377